Two luminance gratings of identical orientation and opposite directions of motion are seen as moving across one another (i.e. moving transparently) only if they differ in spatial frequency (SF) by a factor of four or more. Identical SF gratings produce counter-phase flicker. This suggests that opposite motions cancel each other at the level of motion detection. Here we show that motion transpar...

The advanced developments in external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) over the past few decades have improved dose conformity to the target while minimizing dose to the surrounding organs at risk (OAR). Intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) and volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) are two commonly used EBRT techniques to treat cancer. In sliding window (SW) or dynamic IMRT, each radiati...

We theoretically and experimentally investigate a phase-modulated frequency-shifting loop (PM-FSL) that includes an electro-optic phase modulator (EOPM) gain element, is seeded by single-frequency laser. By slightly detuning the modulation frequency of EOPM off integer multiple fundamental frequency, we generate output waveform exhibits series pulse doublets modulated at radio (RF). prove consi...

linear dynamic response of simply supported nanobeams subjected to a variable axial force is assessed by galerkin numerical approach. constitutive behavior is described by three functional forms of elastic energy densities enclosing nonlocal and strain gradient effects and their combination. linear stationary dynamics of nanobeams is modulated by an axial force which controls the global stiffne...

background: inclusion of inhomogeneity corrections in intensity modulated small fields always makes conformal irradiation of lung tumor very complicated in accurate dose delivery. objective: in the present study, the performance of five algorithms via monte carlo, pencil beam, convolution, fast superposition and superposition were evaluated in lung cancer intensity modulated radiotherapy planni...

objective: oxidative stress that damages proteins result in aging and age related diseases. the aim of this study is to determine the effect of tocotrienol rich fraction (trf) on the expression of proteins in oxidative stress-induced caenohabditis elegans (c.elegans) which has homologous genes to humans. methods: the worms were treated with trf prior to, after and continuously in separate group...