Enzyme extraction from solid matrix is as important step in solid-state fermentation to obtain soluble enzymes for further immobilization and application in biocatalysis. A method for the recovery of a pool of lipases from Penicillium simplicissimum produced by solid-state fermentation was developed. For lipase recovery different extraction solution was used and phosphate buffer containing Twee...

Carmellose (CMC) is frequently used due to its high biocompatibility, biodegradability, and low immunogenicity for development of site-specific or controlled release drug delivery systems. In this experimental work, CMC dispersions in two different concentrations (1% and 2%) cross-linked by copper (II) ions (0.5, 1, 1.5, or 2.0 M CuCl₂) were used to prepare microspheres with antimicrobial activ...

Cytochrome oxidase probably occurs in the tissues of most plants and mediates a major portion of terminal respiration. Webster (11, 12) recently demonstrated the presence of a cytochrome oxidase in the tissues of 54 plant species, representing 23 families of dicotyledonous plants. Investigations in the plant physiology laboratory at Rutgers University have indicated the presence of a cytochrome...

Abstract One of the critical factors affecting performance alkali-activated slag (AAS) is nature and dose alkali activator. The activator type can play a significant role during transition from pastes to mortars or concretes. Therefore, three basic sodium activators (water glass, carbonate, hydroxide) same molarity 4M Na + were used prepare AAS-based with different volume fractions siliceous sa...

The use of ordinary Portland cement (PC) as the principal binder in concrete brings with it significant environmental challenges through consumption fossil fuels and emission carbon dioxide (CO2) during production. Concrete specimens made an alkali activated cementitious material (AACM) produced from alternative conventional were exposed to corrosion inducing environments for 1750 days monitor ...

Water infiltration into granular soils and the associated pore water pressure increase reduction in shear strength can trigger landslides, instability of vertical cuts failure retaining walls. Water-repellent reduce to maintain soil suction. Recent research has demonstrated creation synthetic water-repellent using chemical methods. This paper investigates a biological treatment for creating san...

Abstract This study replaced fly ash with palm oil fuel (POFA) in geopolymer paste and mortar. The alkaline activator was a mixture of sodium silicate solution hydroxide ratio 2.5. Three variables were evaluated: the raw material combination (100% 25% POFA substituted to ash), mass alkali (60/40, 65/35, 70/30), NaOH molarity (8 M 10 M). mortar utilized based on highest compressive strength past...

I have just spent the day exploring molarity, looking for new ideas to make things easier for my students. There are many ways to do this—chemistry textbooks, lab manuals, YouTube videos, Wikipedia, smudged notebooks, hallway conversations. My formal chemistry training was decades ago, and I often rely on old habits and kines-thetic memory when I make up a solution, using my favorite scale and ...

Undoped thin films of ZnO were prepared over glass substrates using a simple chemical spray pyrolysis process. The solution aqueous ‘Zinc acetate dehydrate’ was used as precursor and sprayed preheated substrate at 400 °C. concentration changed from 0.2M to 1 M with the step 0.2 its impact on structural, morphological optical properties has been studied help XRD, SEM, UV-Vis Spectroscopy four-pr...