.................................................................................................................... 9 Introduction..............................................................................................................11 Rheumatology ...................................................................................................................... 11 Arthritis............

Limited information exists on the extent of genetic variation of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from undisturbed forest habitats in the United States. We conducted a molecular genetics study involving DNA sequencing of a portion of the mitochondrial DNA cytochrome oxidase I gene to determine the extent of genetic variation of ants from the Arkansas Ozark-St. Francis National Forest (OSFNF). For...

The year 2011 was a breakthrough in melanoma treatment with two new targeted drugs, ipilimumab and vemurafenib, approved after showing overall survival benefit in patients with metastatic melanoma. Vemurafenib was approved only for treatment of patients with activating mutations in BRAF gene. Thus, the detection of activating BRAF mutations, which can be found in ≈50% melanomas, became a standa...

—Malagasy skinks are a poorly known group, and their relationships have not been critically evaluated previously. In this paper we present a phylogeny of Malagasy “scincine” lizards, based on quantitative phylogenetic analysis of data from seven molecular markers. Our analysis confirms the paraphyly of “Amphiglossus”, and supports Madascincus as a valid genus. Pygomeles is sister to three group...

The potential of different DNA based molecular markers was examined for the detection of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the waxy gene and a microsatellite (SSR) sequence closely linked to it in a collection of rice varieties. DNA was extracted from leaf samples of 68 different rice cultivars by the CTAB method and specific primers were designed for the amplification of waxy gene and SS...

Analyses of genetic structure and gene flow would provide information on the distance, direction and rate of dispersal of genes in specific populations. Thirty-six microsatellite markers (MS) have been developed within specific regions containing genes controlling chicken body weight and quality. Based on genetic marker positions in the chicken genome, the approximate genetic distances of these...

A genetic marker is a gene or DNA sequence with known localization on a chromosome. It can be de-scribed as a variation that can be measured or detected by a suitable method, and can be used subsequently to detect the presence of a specific genotype. Such variations occurring at chromosomal or DNA level can serve as genetic markers. The progress in development of molecular markers suggests thei...