Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common articular disease world wide. It is the result of both mechanical and biological events that destabilize the normal coupling of degeneration synthesis of articular cartilage and subchondral bone. Rheumatologist often routinely order tests for rheumatoid factor and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) for all patients with joint complaints as well as C reac...

in this paper, the optimal location and characteristics of tadas dampers in moment resisting steel structures, considering the application of minimum number of tadas dampers in a building as an objective function and the restriction for destruction of main members is studied. genetic algorithm in first generation randomly produces different chromosomes representing unique tadas dampers distribu...

ABSTRACT In the thirteenth century AD, city of Karakorum was founded as capital Mongol Empire. Relatively little archaeological attention, however, has been directed at site and phenomenon steppe urbanism. The authors report new magnetic topographic surveys walled surrounding landscape. resulting maps reveal in unprecedented detail. Combining topographical data with aerial photographs, pedestri...

Ali Anooshahr’s Turkestan and the Rise of Eurasian Empires: A Study Pol- itics Invented Traditions explores how late medieval early modern Persianate historians dealt with Turco-Mongol lineages founders Ottoman, Safavid, Mughal, Mongol, Shibanid empires. As Anooshahr claims, legacy heritage was mostly linked negative associa- tions “barbarity,” “plundering,” “violence,” “paganism,” in discursiv...

Modern brutality, which found its culmination in using weapons of mass destruction (WMD) against humanity, is the dark side of the principal teachings of the Enlightenment. The great thinkers of the Enlightenment, blaming religion as the main source of violence, removed God from the center of Western political and social thought to replace it with human. Although they were not conscious of the ...

writing sacred words of a text in the header or along the right margins of documents is of a long tradition in documentation of the iranian islamic period. the present article deals with the time of origin, developmental process, type of words and the name of this tradition. included among other issues covered in this study are the non-iranian origins and the iranian-islamic influence over the ...