Fallow deer did not prefer either of the two main canopy species (silver beech, Nothofagus menziesii, and radiata pine, Pinus radiata), or any of the common indigenous shrubs, ferns, herbs and monocotyledons in three habitat types (beech, shrub-hardwood, and exotic forest). They did prefer all the common sub canopy tree species, and these comprised the bulk of diet in all habitats. Broadleaf (G...

Unlike other arboreal monocotyledons, the secondary growth of palms has for the past 100 years been described as diffuse. Solely cell enlargement and random parenchyma divisions, without the activity of a meristem, characterize such growth. Some previous works of the early 20th century have, however, mentioned the presence of a secondary meristem in the stems of palms, but this information was ...

Unlignified primary cell walls containing ester-linked ferulic acid fluoresce blue in ultraviolet radiation which changes to green with increased intensity on treatment with ammonium hydroxide. Using this fluorescence behaviour, we detected ester-linked ferulic acid in the primary cell walls of all 41 species of gymnosperms we examined. These species were in 17 families representing all four ex...

Major intrinsic proteins (MIPs) facilitate the passive transport of small polar molecules across membranes. MIPs constitute a very old family of proteins and different forms have been found in all kinds of living organisms, including bacteria, fungi, animals, and plants. In the genomic sequence of Arabidopsis, we have identified 35 different MIP-encoding genes. Based on sequence similarity, the...

The central structure of the symbiotic association between plants and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi is the fungal arbuscule that delivers minerals to the plant. Our earlier transcriptome analyses identified two half-size ABCG transporters that displayed enhanced mRNA levels in mycorrhizal roots. We now show specific transcript accumulation in arbusculated cells of both genes during symbiosi...

In this study, gene encoding Aspartate aminotransferase was cloned from Arabidopsis thaliana by RT-PCR, named F23N and its bioinformatics analysis was performed. It was found that there is one pyridoxal-phosphate attachment site at 250-270 (SYAKnmGLyGERIG) and other domains, furthermore, the transmembrane helices was not found in F23N, suggesting that F23N encoding product might not belong to m...

Rapid advances in DNA sequencing technologies have resulted in the accumulation of large data sets in the public domain, facilitating comparative studies to provide novel insights into the evolution of life. Phylogenetic studies across the eukaryotic taxa have been reported but on the basis of a limited number of genes. Here we present a genome-wide analysis across different plant, fungal, prot...

Aim Alpine plant species’ distributions are thought to have been shifting higher elevations in response climate change. By moving upslope, species can occupy cooler and more suitable environments as change warms their current ranges. Despite evidence of upslope migration the northern hemisphere, there is limited for elevational shifts southern hemisphere plants. Our study aimed determine if alp...

Weed communities can be influenced by nutrient availability, form (e. g., ammonium vs. nitrate), amendment timing, type (e.g., organic inorganic), and immigration of seeds during applications. The objective this research was to compare the long-term effect different fertility treatments in a corn ( Zea mays L.)-alfalfa Medicago sativa L.) rotation on taxonomic functional structure composition w...