The Methotrexate delivery by carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and the structural changes of drugcombination upon the carbon nanotubes and bio thermodynamic of the drug have been studied by molecularcomputational methods. Computational molecular methods have been fulfilled by molecular mechanics methods with four force field, and semi empirical with all methods. We investigate different param...

Introduction Use of hadron therapy as an advanced radiotherapy technique is increasing. In this method, secondary particles are produced through primary beam interactions with the beam-transport system and the patient’s body. In this study, Monte Carlo simulations were employed to determine the dose of produced secondary particles, particularly neutrons during treatment. Materials and Methods I...

the paper presents simulation results for the propagation of lightning surges along a transmission line and the overvoltages generated in a transformer at the end of the line. it is shown that the monte carlo simulation method provides more realistic assessments than the deterministic methods. it has also been shown that increasing capacitance in transformers results in reduced levels of overvo...

Background: Inclusion of inhomogeneity corrections in intensity modulated small fields always makes conformal irradiation of lung tumor very complicated in accurate dose delivery.Objective: In the present study, the performance of five algorithms via Monte Carlo, Pencil Beam, Convolution, Fast Superposition and Superposition were evaluated in lung cancer Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy plannin...

Monte Carlo and quasi Monte Carlo methods are simulation techniques that have been de signed to e ciently estimate integrals for instance Quasi Monte Carlo asymptotically outperforms Monte Carlo but the error can hardly be estimated We propose here to recall how hybrid Monte Carlo Quasi Monte Carlo have been developed to easily get error estimations with a special em phasis on the so called ran...

This paper will try to look into the two important methods for the calculation of Value at Risk (VaR) for non linear portfolio using Monte Carlo Simulation method. The two techniques Closed form VaR and Multilevel Monte Carlo VaR for valuing the derivative portfolio are explained in details. In case of multilevel Monte Carlo simulation, it has been found that with decrease in the number of inne...

Algorithms developed to enable the use of atornistic molecular simulation methods with parallel computers are reviewed. Methods appropriate for bonded as well as non-bonded (and charged) interactions are included. While strategies for obtaining parallel molecukir simulations have been developed for the full variety of atomistic simulation methods, molecular dynamics and Monte Carlo have receive...

background: to enhance the dose to tumor, the use of high atomic number elements has been proposed. objective: the aim of this study is to investigate the effect of gold nanoparticle distribution on dose enhancement in tumor when the tumor is irradiated by typical monoenergetic x-ray beams by considering homogeneous and inhomogeneous distributions of gold nanoparticles (gnps) in the tumor. meth...

in recent research on modelling road collisions very little attention has been paid  to rear-end chain reaction collisions, which is characterized by more than two vehicles involved in a collision at the same time. the core aim of the present research is to develop a methodology to estimate such potential collision probabilities based on a proactive perspective, where deceleration rate to avoid...