PURPOSE The metabolic cost of walking increases when mass is added to the legs, but the effects of load magnitude and location on the energetics and biomechanics of walking are unclear. We hypothesized that with leg loading 1) net metabolic rate would be related to the moment of inertia of the leg (I(leg)), 2) kinematics would be conserved, except for heavy foot loads, and 3) swing-phase sagitt...

INTRODUCTION Hamstring strain injuries are common in sports that involve high-speed running. It remains uncertain whether the hamstrings are susceptible to injury during late swing phase, when the hamstrings are active and lengthening, or during stance, when contact loads are present. In this study, we used forward dynamic simulations to compare hamstring musculotendon stretch, loading, and wor...

Abstract To which extent and how do jazz musicians synchronize their timing to create swing? Swing is a salient feature of music, yet its main psychoacoustical musical components have remained elusive—save the obvious long-short subdivision quarter notes. In particular, possible role microtiming deviations for swing has been subject long-standing controversy. Adopting an operational definition ...

This letter presents an approach to engineer the band structure of carbon nanotube field-effect transistors via selected area chemical gating. By exposing the center part, or the contacts, of nanotube devices to oxidizing or reducing gases, a good control over the threshold voltage and subthreshold swing has been achieved. Our experiments reveal that NO2 shifts the threshold voltage positively,...

Kinematics of swing-through crutch ambulation for an individual with complete T11-T12 spinal cord injury was examined and quantitative aspects of the body-swing phase used to formulate and evaluate a 3-link pendular model. Model simulation parallels measured kinematics when shoulder motion is forced to follow the measured motion while hips and crutch tips are free pivots. Shoulder control contr...

The clock distribution network in digital integrated circuits distributes the clock signal which acts as a timing reference controlling data flow within the system. Since the clock signal has highest capacitance and operates at high frequencies, the clock distribution network consumes a large amount of total power in synchronous system. So, a new flip-flop is proposed in a low-swing resonant cl...

The challenge in the swing-up problem of double inverted pendulum on a cart (DIPC) is to design a controller that bring all DIPC's states, especially the joint angles of the two links, into the region of attraction of the desired equilibrium. This paper proposes a new method to swing-up DIPC based on a series of restto-rest maneuvers of the first link about its vertically upright configuration ...

A new method to study the reactions to unexpected mechanical perturbations during human walking on a treadmill is presented. Perturbations consisted of an obstruction of the forward swinging foot during the early swing phase. These were caused by obstacles which were dropped on the treadmill in front of the subject. The timing of the perturbation was controlled by an electromagnet which release...

Previous research on conditioning in golf has looked at the effect of physical training programs on outcome measures of golf swing performance, namely club head speed and ball displacement. The current study examined the effect of an 8-week golf specific plyometric training program on the kinematics of the golf swing. Sixteen skilled golfers were randomly assigned to either an experimental or c...