BACKGROUND Post-surgical pain is a physiological response to tissue trauma that produces unpleasant physiological effects with manifestations on various organic systems. OBJECTIVE According to the effect of magnesium sulfate on the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor, this study examined the effect of magnesium sulfate on the reduction of pain and the mean amount of narcotics consumed by pat...

background and aims: a routine method to control post-operative pain is patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (pcia) using opioids. regarding complications of opioids, it seems necessary to reduce their dosage and to improve the quality of analgesia using  adjuvants. we aimed  to assess the effect of adding ketamine to morphine in pcia pumps for post-operative pain control in orthopedic pati...

OBJECTIVE To examine the environmental life cycle from poppy farming through to production of 100 mg in 100 mL of intravenous morphine (standard infusion bag). DESIGN 'Cradle-to-grave' process-based life cycle assessment (observational). SETTINGS Australian opium poppy farms, and facilities for pelletising, manufacturing morphine, and sterilising and packaging bags of morphine. MAIN OUTCO...

The effects of long-term treatment of rats with morphine sulfate were assessed upon the specific binding of [3H]clonidine to alpha 2-adrenoceptors on neural membranes isolated from various brain areas and upon the function of presynaptic alpha 2-adrenoceptors during field stimulation of hippocampal slices. Rats were injected with morphine every 8 h for 14 days with doses which started at 10 mg/...

Nalmefene is a long-acting opioid antagonist that provides long-term relief from side effects of intrathecal morphine sulfate. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted to determine whether prophylactic nalmefene could decrease side effects of intrathecal morphine given during cesarean section, without affecting analgesia. Sixty parturients were given 0.25 mg of intrath...

This study investigated the effects of the NMDA receptor antagonist MK-801 on the development of morphine dependence in 7-, 14-, and 21-day-old rat pups. For 6.5 days, starting at 1, 8, or 15 days of age, rats were pretreated with MK-801 (0.03 or 0.1 mg/kg, bid) or saline; 15 min later, morphine sulfate (10 mg/kg) or saline was injected to induce opiate dependence. On the afternoon of the seven...

Adolescence is a developmental period of particular importance given the host of neurobiological changes that occur during this stage of development. Drug use and abuse is said to be a function of the balance of its rewarding and aversive effects, and any age-dependent differences in morphine's aversive effects could impact drug intake. The present experiments examined the ability of morphine s...

The utility of methadone and morphine for analgesia and of methadone for substitution therapy for heroin addiction is a consequence of these drugs acting as opioid receptor agonists.We compared the cataleptogenic and antinociceptive effects of single subcutaneous doses of methadone hydrochloride (1-4 mg/kg) and morphine sulfate (2.5-10 mg/kg) using catalepsy and hot-plate tests, and examined th...

OBJECTIVE(S) This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of maternal morphine exposure during gestational and lactation period on pyramidal neurons of hippocampus in 18 and 32 day mice offspring. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty female mice were randomly allocated into cases and controls. In case group, animals received morphine sulfate 10 mg/kg.body weight intraperitoneally during 7 days b...