This study investigated the effects of histamine H1 or H2 receptor antagonists on emotional memory consolidation in mice submitted to the elevated plus maze (EPM). The cerebellar vermis of male mice (Swiss albino) was implanted using a cannula guide. Three days after recovery, behavioral tests were performed in the EPM on 2 consecutive days (T1 and T2). Immediately after exposure to the EPM (T1...

Citation: Okonogi T, Nakayama R, Sasaki T and Ikegaya Y (2018) Characterization of Peripheral Activity States and Cortical Local Field Potentials of Mice in an Elevated Plus Maze Test. Front. Behav. Neurosci. 12:62. doi: 10.3389/fnbeh.2018.00062 Elevated plus maze (EPM) tests have been used to assess animal anxiety levels. Little information is known regarding how physiological activity pattern...

Background: There are reports in traditional medicine about the effectiveness of Ocimum basilicum (OB) in the treatment of anxiety. The Elevated Plus-Maze (EPM) has been predominantly used to investigate anxiety levels in rodents. Objectives: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of extract of OB on rat behavior in the EPM test. Materials and Methods: Male Wistar...

Due to their intrinsic brightness, supernovae make excellent cosmological probes. We describe the SEAM method for obtaining distances to Type IIP supernovae (SNe IIP) and present a distance to SN 1999em for which a Cepheid distance exists. Our models give results consistent with the Cepheid distance, even though we have not attempted to tune the underlying hydrodynamical model, we have simply c...

Charities are often complex and networked, and face an increasingly demanding environment. Providing stakeholders with timely and adequate information on activities and impact is therefore challenging. Based on case studies of six UK charities, this paper finds that small/medium charities can use Enterprise Performance (EPM) systems to support providing such information, despite some challenges...

Polyneuritis equi is an immune-mediated neurodegenerative condition in horses that is related to circulating demyelinating antibodies against equine myelin basic protein 2 (MP2). The present study examined the presence of circulating demyelinating antibodies against neuritogenic peptides of MP2 in sera from horses suspected of equine protozoal encephalomyelitis (EPM), a neurodegenerative condit...

The present study investigated the effects of protein malnutrition and environmental stimulation on biochemical and behavioral parameters in rats. The concentrations of polyamines in the frontal cortex, striatum, and hippocampus, as well as plasma corticosterone levels, were measured. The exploratory behavior was analyzed using the elevated plus-maze (EPM) test. Rats received either 16% (well-n...

We compared the effects of environmental enrichment (EE) and tactile stimulation (handling [H]) during a critical period of development of the central nervous system (CNS) on behavior in malnourished (M; 6% protein) and control (C; 16% protein) rats in the elevated plus maze (EPM) on postnatal day 36 (P36) and P37. The stimulation occurred during two different periods of development: P8-21 (lac...

Sarcocystis neurona is the etiologic agent of equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM). Based on an analysis of 25,000 equine serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples, including samples from horses with neurologic signs typical of EPM or with histologically or parasitologically confirmed EPM, four major immunoblot band patterns have been identified. Twenty-three serum and CSF samples represe...

BACKGROUND Phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors in the central nervous system have been shown to stimulate neuronal functions and increase neurogenesis in Alzheimer disease (AD) patients. MATERIAL/METHODS The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of zaprinast, a PDE5 inhibitor, and rolipram, a PDE4 inhibitor, on learning and memory in elevated plus maze (EPM) and passive avoidance (P...