Phytophthora root and stem rot due to sojae is a major constraint of soybean production. This study evaluated the combined effect P. inoculation flooding on growth seedlings. The cultivar ‘Enrei’ was grown in greenhouse pots containing vermiculite containers field soil. plants were inoculated with two isolates subjected flooding. ratio dead live ranged from 0 0.32 across all treatments. Pathoge...

This work presents a new approach that allows the use of cases in a case base as heuristics to speed up Multiagent Reinforcement Learning algorithms, combining Case-Based Reasoning (CBR) and Multiagent Reinforcement Learning (MRL) techniques. This approach, called Case-Based Heuristically Accelerated Multiagent Reinforcement Learning (CB-HAMRL), builds upon an emerging technique, Heuristic Acce...

The mean residual life (MRL) measures the remaining life expectancy and is useful in actuarial studies, biological experiments and clinical trials. To assess the covariate effect, an additive MRL regression model has been proposed in the literature. In this paper, we focus on the topic of model checking. Specifically, we develop two goodness-of-fit tests to test the additive MRL model assumptio...

Joint injury dramatically enhances the onset of osteoarthritis (OA) and is responsible for an estimated 12% of OA. Posttraumatic arthritis (PTA) is especially common after intra-articular fracture, and no disease-modifying therapies are currently available. We hypothesized that the delivery of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) would prevent PTA by altering the balance of inflammation and regenerati...

Lymph node and spleen cells of the autoimmune MRL/Mp-lpr/lpr mouse strain spontaneously produce (in the absence of mitogenic stimulation) a factor(s) that induces B cell differentiation. This factor is not produced by the congenic MRL/n mouse strain that lacks the lpr gene or by normal mouse strains. However, lymphoid cells of the B6-lpr/lpr (B6/1) strain also produce a B cell differentiation f...

To investigate the role of complement in lupus nephritis, we used MRL/lpr mice and a transgene overexpressing a soluble complement regulator, soluble CR1-related gene/protein y (sCrry), both systemically and in kidney. Production of sCrry in sera led to significant complement inhibition in Crry-transgenic mice relative to littermate transgene negative controls. This complement inhibition with s...

Transplantation of normal bone marrow from C3H/HeN nu/nu (H-2k) mice into young MRL/MP-lpr/lpr (MRL/l; H-2k) mice (less than 1.5 mo) prevented the development of autoimmune diseases and characteristic thymic abnormalities in the recipient mice. When female MRL/1 (greater than 2 mo) or male BXSB (H-2b) mice (9 mo) with autoimmune diseases and lymphadenopathy were lethally irradiated and then rec...

background: tetracyclines (tcs) are broad-spectrumantibiotics that are widely used in veterinary medicine. thepresence of tcs residues in milk is a public health concern allover the world. objectives:this study aimed to determine tcsresiduals in pasteurized milk marketed by some dairy companiesin tehran from april 2011 to march 2012. methods: 432pasteurized milk samples were purchased from supe...

Systemic lupus erythematosus is a polymorphic and multigenic inflammatory autoimmune disease. Cyclic AMP (cAMP) modulates inflammation and the inhibition of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase type 4 (PDE4), which specifically hydrolyzes cAMP, inhibits TNFα secretion. This study was aimed at investigating the evolution of PDE activity and expression levels during the course of the disease in MR...

To the Editor: We read with interest the recent article by Kyttaris and colleagues (1), in which they reported their finding that lupus-prone MRL/lpr mice had increased levels of NF-ATc1 (also known as NF-AT2) in the cytoplasmic and nuclear fractions of freshly isolated lymphocytes, as compared with control lymphocytes from MRL/MpJ mice. They reported no increase in the expression of NF-ATc2 (a...