Abstract Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small released by the majority of cells in response to cell activation or death stimuli. They grouped as EVs exosomes, large such microvesicles (MVs) and apoptotic bodies, resulting from distinct mechanisms generation. into extracellular space, most human biological fluids tissues, including atherosclerotic plaques. transport complex cargo bioa...

Summary Neonates are born with an immature immune system and rely on the transfer of immunity from their mothers. Maternal antibodies transferred via placenta breast milk. Although role placentally immunoglobulin G (IgG) is established, less known about selection milk mechanisms by which they provide protection against neonatal disease. Evidence suggests that play multifaceted roles, p...