OBJECTIVE To study the prevalence and the natural course of transitional progressive multiple sclerosis (TPMS). This clinical form is defined by a progressive course beginning many years after an isolated bout. METHODS 214 consecutive outpatients with definite or probable multiple sclerosis were studied. The prevalence of TPMS was established. Patients with TPMS were compared with patients wi...

high cortisol level in endogenous cushing’s syndrome suppresses the immune system and after treatment there may be an over activity of immune reaction leading to autoimmune diseases mostly thyroid and rheumatologic disorders. this is the second reported case of multiple sclerosis developing after treatment of cushing’s syndrome. a 42-year old man is reported who presented with bone fracture and...

multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system which is accompanied by demyelinating the neurons. the imbalance between the t cell effectors and t cell regulators is thought to have a role in the pathogenesis of the disease. melatonin is a hormone that is secreted by pineal gland which has an important role in circadian rhythm and immune-modulatory effects. melatonin ...

neuroinflammation has a significant role in induce of multiple sclerosis (ms) many approaches have been used to treat ms, but none of these methods have not been able to fully improve. one of the methods can suppress inflammation and regenerate the nervous system is the use of cell therapy. using cell therapy in pre-clinic phase can be realized, it's mechanism and potency to suppress neuro...

background: vitamin b12 (cobalamin) deficiency can result in some clinical and paraclinical characteristics similar to what is seen in multiple sclerosis (ms) patients. this study aimed to evaluate the controversial association between vitamin b12 deficiency and ms. methods: we measured serum vitamin b12 in 60 patients with ms and 38 healthy controls. clinical disability was evaluated according...

background: the association between the prevalence of multiple sclerosis (ms) and latitude gradient indicates the importance of environmental factors in ms susceptibility. sunlight’s ultraviolet radiation, its ability to influence melatonin, and an imbalance of melatonin in the central nervous system (cns) may be involved in this process. methods: this case‑control study was conducted in isfaha...

background: management of multiple sclerosis (ms) is based on the usage of immunosuppressive and immune-modulating medications. cytokines play an important role in the pathogenesis of ms. objective: to evaluate the effects of rapamycin on the concentrations of th1/th2/th17 serum cytokines in patients with ms. methods: six patients with relapsing remitting ms as a case group and 6 healthy indivi...

multiple sclerosis (ms) is the most common chronic autoimmune demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system (cns) which preferentially involves young women in early child bearing age. opposite to traditional view emphasized on discouraging female patients from enduring pregnancy, recent investigations showed that pregnancy-related physiological alterations, especially during the third tr...

Background: Since in multiple sclerosis (MS), changes in speech and voice quality often precede other signs and symptoms; early diagnosis of these changes is necessary. In this study, an acoustic examination of phonation subsystem was performed. Due to the progressive nature of multiple sclerosis, the aim of this study was to examine the correlation between acoustic parameters ...