This article explores a number of existing project cost estimation techniques to investigate how the estimation can be done in a more accurate and effective manner. The survey looks into various estimation models that utilize many theoretical techniques such as statistics, fuzzy logic, case-based reasoning, analogies, and neural networks. As the essence of conventional estimation inaccuracy lie...

Temporal encoding in Pavlovian fear conditioning was examined through conditional facilitation of the short-latency (Rl) component of the rat eyeblink reflex. Rats were fear-conditioned to a tone conditional stimulus (CS) with either a 3- or 9-s interstimulus interval (ISI) between CS onset and the onset of the grid-shock unconditional stimulus (US). Rl facilitation was tested over 2 days, in c...

Sleep disorders affect a large portion of those with autism spectrum disorder. Behavioural interventions have been found to increase appropriate sleep behaviours. This study sought to examine the efficacy of two stimulus control interventions (bedtime fading and positive routines) on total sleep duration, sleep onset latency and frequency and duration of night wakings for children with autism u...

People with vasospastic syndrome have cold hands and feet and abnormal vasoconstriction after local cold exposure. Normally there is a circadian rhythm of distal vasodilation, with onset in the early evening, which directly influences ability to fall asleep. We gave a sleep questionnaire to 32 patients with primary vasospastic syndrome and 31 healthy controls. People with vasospasticity had sig...

Objective(s): Due to unsatisfactory response or intolerable side effects of current drugs, treatment of essential tremor remains inadequate. Thus, we aimed to investigate the protective and therapeutic effects of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Crocus sativus (saffron), and its active consistent, safranal, on the harmaline-induced tremor in mice. Materials and Methods: To induce tremor, harma...