INTRODUCTION The population of the world reached seven billion in 2012. Pakistan's population stands at more than 180 million, is growing rapidly, and has the highest unmet need for family planning (FP) in isolated rural areas. The low usage of contraception in the rural areas of Pakistan correlates with the level of isolation, poverty, illiteracy, and to a large extent, religious misinterpreta...

the military domination of russia on transoxiana imported, for the first time, the title of russian turkestan in political geography in 19 century. what belongs to this territory includes the khanate of khoqand and some regions of bukhara, and khiva. the main difference between turkestan and two other khanates  was their relationship with russia. while turkestan was incorporated to russia the t...

the etymology of the qurʾānic vocabulary, unlike some other qurʾānic fields, has remained in the traditional paradigm. even jeffrey’s the foreign vocabulary of the quran, could not make an appropriate reaction among muslim scholars, as has been seen in the wake of nöldeke’s geschichte des qorans or goldzher’s richtungen in the muslim world. needless to say that the scholarly (rather than ideolo...

research about satan is always very important for scholars. in this respect, muslim mystics with the paraphrastic approaches, intuitional interpretations and introspectional knowledge, with mystical expressions, have an unrivaled position. some muslim mystics, especially the followers of sokr doctrine are justifying disobedience of satan (in prostrate to adam) with determinism (algebra) and the...

for the vast majority of the iranian m.a. students of tefl, thesis writing is the first individual engagement with research. despite having some pedagogical merits, such an academic activity generally poses some intellectual and affective challenges to such students. during thesis completion, if students are not effectively scaffolded by supervisors and not supported by universities, they are l...

the dual nature of human existence, and having both physical and spiritual affairs have been accepted by religious scholars and divine philosophers . most philosophers, especially muslim  philosophers, despite the disagreement on  the way of soul creation have agreed about the soul creation itself and lack of its precedence over body .at least we can prove this idea with two arguments from ebne...

This paper aims to review the challenges wider adoption of VR technologies for language education at university level, focusing on teaching English as a foreign (TEFL). The first portion classifies these challenges, outlined in current literature, into seven main themes: “Lack TEFL-Specific Content,” “Difficulty Integrate Learning and Evaluation,” “Supporting Various Approaches,” “Uncertainty O...

Religion plays a significant role in a patient’s bioethical decision to have an abortion as well as in a country’s abortion policy. Nevertheless, a holistic understanding of the Islamic position remains under-researched. This study first conducted a detailed and systematic analysis of Islam’s position towards abortion through examining the most authoritative biblical texts (i.e. the Quran and S...