BACKGROUND Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) is a heterogeneous disease; many patients never need treatment, whereas some have poor outcomes. New treatments, which can induce complete remissions, allow patients with poor outlook to be treated while they are still asymptomatic. Whether or not the IgVH gene is mutated is the best predictor of clinical outcome, but this assay is unsuited to the ...

Root cause analysis of cancer as well of design of personalized treatment depends on the ability to prioritize mutated genes in cancer. In this paper, we propose a novel approach ’MutPrior’ to prioritize genes in a given caner. We hypothesize that a gene is important for cancer if it has high functional impact mutations, is strategically important for network stability and has high relevance to...

The genomes of commonly used variants of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) strains Towne and AD169 each contain a substantial mutation in which a region (U(L)/b') at the right end of the long unique region has been replaced by an inverted duplication of a region from the left end of the genome. Using high-throughput technology, we have sequenced HCMV strain Towne (ATCC VR-977) and confirmed the pres...

Viral vector-mediated delivery of tumor suppressor genes represents a promising strategy of cancer therapy. Several best-studied tumor suppressor genes, such as p53 and retinoblastoma (Rb), have been evaluated for gene therapy of tumors that carry mutations in these genes. However, these genes may not be applicable to microsatellite instability positive [MSI(+)] tumors because they are rarely m...

Gastric carcinoma is one of the major causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Early detection and treatment leads to an excellent prognosis in patients with early gastric cancer (EGC), whereas the prognosis of patients with advanced gastric cancer (AGC) remains poor. It is unclear whether EGCs and AGCs are distinct entities or whether EGCs are the beginning stages of AGCs. We performed wh...

Mutated genes are rarely common even in the same pathological type between cancer patients and as such, it has been very challenging to interpret genome sequencing data and difficult to predict clinical outcomes. PIK3CA is one of a few genes whose mutations are relatively popular in tumors. For example, more than 46.6% of luminal-A breast cancer samples have PIK3CA mutated, whereas only 35.5% o...

The deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) of Escherichia coli B is converted by colicin E2 to products soluble in cold trichloroacetic acid; we show that this DNA degradation (hereafter termed solubilization) is subject to inhibition by infection with bacteriophage T4. At least two modes of inhibition may be differentiated on the basis of their sensitivity to chloramphenicol. The following observations o...

BACKGROUND Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) carries information on tumor burden. However, the mutation spectrum is different among tumors. This study was designed to examine the utility of ctDNA for monitoring tumor burden based on an individual mutation profile. METHODOLOGY DNA was extracted from a total of 176 samples, including pre- and post-operational plasma, primary tumors, and peripheral ...

KRAS mutations occur in 30-40% of all cases of human colorectal cancer (CRC). However, to date, specific therapeutic agents against KRAS-mutated CRC have not been developed. We previously described the generation of mouse models of colon cancer with and without Kras mutations (CDX2P-G22Cre;Apc(flox/flox); LSL-Kras(G12D) and CDX2P-G22Cre;Apc(flox/flox) mice, respectively). Here, the two mouse mo...