Nedd4 and Nedd4-2 are ubiquitin-protein ligases known to regulate a number of membrane proteins including receptors and ion transporters. Regulation of the epithelial Na(+) channel by Nedd4 and Nedd4-2 is mediated via interactions between the PY motifs of the epithelial sodium channel subunits and the Nedd4/Nedd4-2 WW domains. This example serves as a model for the regulation of other PY motif-...

We examined the dependence of peak Na+ pump and Na+/Ca2+exchanger currents on prior Na+pump inhibition induced by exposure to zero extracellular K+ in voltage-clamped adult murine ventricular myocytes. Abrupt activation of the Na+ pump by reexposure of myocytes to extracellular K+ with a rapid solution switcher resulted in the development of a transient peak current at ∼500 ms, followed by a de...

Gene array analysis has been widely used to identify genes induced during T cell activation. Our studies identified an immediate early gene that is strongly induced in response to IL-2 in mouse T cells which we named cysteineserine-rich nuclear protein-1 (CSRNP-1). The human ortholog was previously identified as an AXIN1 induced gene (AXUD1). The protein does not contain sequence defined domain...

Angela N H Creager, Elizabeth Lunbeck and Londa Schiebinger (eds), Feminism in twentieth-century science, technology, and medicine, Women and Culture in Society, University of Chicago Press, 2001, pp. xii, 264, US$65.00 (hardback 0-226-12023-6), US$20.00 (paperback 0-226-12024-4). Myron Echenberg, Black death, white medicine: bubonic plague and the politics of public health in colonial Senegal,...

Louise Hill Curth (ed.), From physick to pharmacology: five hundred years of British drug retailing, Aldershot, Ashgate, 2006, pp. xii, 174, £50.00 (hardback 0-7546-3597-X; 978-07546-3597-0). Allen G Debus, The chemical promise: experiment and mysticism in the chemical philosophy, 1550–1800: selected essays, Sagamore Beach, Science History Publications/ USA, 2006, pp. xxv, 548, $89.95 (hardback...

Analogues of luteinising hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) are very much in fashion. Their design is clever and they offer an effective medical alternative to surgical castra-tion in the treatment of breast and prostatic cancer. In breast cancer their use in metastatic disease is increasing steadily, and current enthusiasm is such that multicentre adjuvant therapy trials in early disease are alr...