I. The Knoop test of hardness of materials has been used to test the hardness of human nail. 2. The range of hardness of nails was found to be small in healthy persons and large in malnourished children. 3. Nails from malnourished children were in general much harder than those from healthy persons. The nails of a small group of three children became softer while they were recovering from malnu...

Lower extremity venous disease is extremely common, with varicose veins remaining the most frequently encountered venous condition followed by chronic venous insuffi ciency.1,2 The two conditions often occur together, but each condition may also be present clinically without the other. Lower extremity venous disease comprises a clinical spectrum ranging from completely asymptomatic telangiectas...

UNLABELLED Fractures of the femoral shaft treated with interlocking nails will ultimately result in breakage of the nail if the bone does not unite. Further management requires removal of the broken nail which may be a difficult process for the distal segment. If we can identify the symptoms just before the nail breaks, an exchange nailing becomes much easier. We present a patient with fibromat...

Acrylic nails, including sculptured nails and the new ultraviolet-curable gel polish lacquers, have been associated with allergic contact dermatitis (ACD). We report 2 cases of ACD to acrylic nails with severe onychodystrophy and psoriasiform changes including onycholysis and subungual hyperkeratosis. In both cases, the patients did not realize the association between the use of acrylate-based ...

This article considers the difference in timing of importation Nail-rods and Wire nails modern Japan. The following points become clear.

objective: dermatophytosis is one of the most common pandemic fungal infections that is a major health problem in cities and villages. this study aims to evaluate pcr sensitivity and accuracy in the detection of nail dermatophytosis compared to conventional direct and culture detection methods, and performs an assessment of trichophyton rubrum in patients suspected of having nail dermatophytosi...

Yellow nail syndrome is characterized by primary lymphoedema, recurrent pleural effusion and yellow discoloration of the nails. Although mechanical lymphatic obstruction is assumed to be the underlying pathology, it cannot explain the common finding of high albumin concentration in the pleural space. This paper describes a case of yellow nail syndrome presenting with the classical triad of lymp...

The Galton board is an upright board with evenly spaced nails driven into its upper half. The nails are arranged in staggered order. The lower half of the board is divided with vertical slats into a number of narrow rectangular slots. From the front, the whole installation is covered with a glass cover. In the middle of the upper edge, there is a funnel in which balls can be poured, the diamete...

ABSTRACT The aim of the study was to evaluate results of closed intramedullary nailing using Talwarkar square nails in adult forearm fractures. We prospectively evaluated 34 patients with both bone forearm fractures. The average time to union was 12.8 (SD +3.2) weeks with cast support for a mean of 8.2 weeks. Union was achieved in 31 out of 34 patients. Using the Grace and Eversmann rating syst...