Metal-on-metal (M-M) joint replacement has raised concerns about the long-term effects of metal wear debris and corrosion products. This review summarizes the current concepts in biological reactivity to metal wear particles, ions, and corrosion products. Attention is focused on Co-Cr-Mo alloy since it is the most diffused and discussed material in arthroplasty.

Molecular engineering has bought revolution into endodontics. Nanoparticles are particles of 1-100nm in dimension. Their small size, increased surface to volume ratio, specific properties and charge produces desirable for endodontic usage. It been incorporated sealers, obturating materials, restorative disinfectants etc name a few. However, there is other side it. These micrometre-sized can eas...

In the last two decades, the development and application of nanotechnology—the science of small—has increased dramatically, impacting sectors as far reaching as medicine (including disease treatment and diagnosis), energy, communications, water treatment and food production. In spite of these incredible advances, the general consensus among the scientific community is that our understanding of ...

Research into the health and environmental safety of nanotechnology has seriously lagged behind its emergence in industry. While humans have often adopted synthetic chemicals without considering ancillary consequences, the lessons learned from worldwide pollution should motivate making nanotechnology compatible with environmental concerns. Researchers and policymakers need to understand exposur...

Current strategies for brain diseases are mostly symptomatic and noncurative. Nanotechnology has the potential to facilitate the transport of drugs across the blood-brain barrier and to enhance their pharmacokinetic profile. However, to reach clinical application, an understanding of nanoneurotoxicity in terms of oxidative stress and inflammation is required. Emerging evidence has also shown th...

Nanomaterials are acclaimed for their novel properties, for which broad new uses are being discovered with increasing frequency. It is obvious that, as the properties change, unwanted properties (toxicity) are to be expected as well. today’s toxicology, however, is already overwhelmed with the challenge of addressing new chemicals, not to mention the enormous number of old chemicals never prope...