Helicobacter pylori infection induces the appearance of inflammatory infiltrates, consisting mainly of neutrophils and monocytes, in the human gastric mucosa. A bacterial protein with neutrophil activating activity (HP-NAP) has been previously identified, but its role in infection and immune response is still largely unknown. Here, we show that vaccination of mice with HP-NAP induces protection...

BACKGROUND Slow Wave Activity (SWA), the low frequency (<4 Hz) oscillations that characterize Slow Wave Sleep (SWS) are thought to relate causally to declarative memory consolidation during nocturnal sleep. Evidence is conflicting relating SWA to memory consolidation during nap however. OBJECTIVE/HYPOTHESIS We applied transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) - which, with a cross-h...

GLOBAL TRENDS OF INCREASED WORK, DOMESTIC AND SOCIAL DEMANDS, AND ASSOCIATED NOCTURNAL SLEEP REDUCTION AND DAYTIME SLEEPINESS HAVE stimulated research interest into countermeasures of this daytime sleepiness. One countermeasure that has received attention in recent years is brief napping. Naps as brief as 19.8,1 10.8,2 10.2,3 10,4,5 and 9.1 minutes6 have been shown to improve alertness and perf...

BACKGROUND Conservative mastectomy procedures, such as the nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM), present appealing options for patients with small invasive or noninvasive malignancies and those needing prophylactic mastectomies. Despite outstanding postoperative cosmetic results, nipple-areola complex (NAC) and mastectomy skin flap (MSF) survival remains a concern. We present our two-stage nipple-ar...

The capacity of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), zymosan, and calcium ionophore A23187 to induce neutrophil chemotactic activity (NCA), leukotriene B4 (LTB4), and neutrophil attractant/activation protein (NAP-1) release from human alveolar macrophages (AM) retrieved from normal nonsmokers was evaluated. LPS induced a dose-dependent release of LTB4 that began by 1 h, 4.0 +/- 3.2 ng/10(6) viable AM; pea...

The mechanisms by which ethanol damages the developing and adult central nervous system (CNS) remain unclear. Activity-dependent neuroprotective protein (ADNP) is a glial protein that protects the CNS against a wide array of insults and is critical for CNS development. NAPVSIPQ (NAP), a potent active fragment of ADNP, potentiated axon outgrowth in cerebellar granule neurons by activating the se...

Tropolones are small organic compounds with metal-directing moieties. Tropolones inhibit the proliferation of cancer cell lines, possibly through their effects on metalloenzymes such as select histone deacetylases (HDACs). Pan-HDAC inhibitors are therapeutically beneficial in the treatment of multiple myeloma, however there is interest in the use of more selective HDAC inhibitor therapy to mini...

Hypotonic solution alters ion channel activity, but little attention has been paid to voltage-dependent sodium channels. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of hypotonic solution on transient sodium currents (I(NaT)) and persistent sodium currents (I(NaP)). We also explored whether the intracellular signal transduction systems participated in the hypotonic modifications of sodi...

The effects of a daytime nap on inter-session habituation to aversive visual stimuli were investigated. Healthy young adult volunteers viewed repeated presentations of highly negative and emotionally neutral (but equally arousing) International Affective Picture System (IAPS) photographs during two afternoon sessions separated by 2.5h. Half of the photographs were shown at both sessions (Repeat...