Brownish colourations in Natural green table olives (non-treated with alkali) make this product less attractive to consumers than Spanish-style green table olives (treated with alkali), which develop a more appreciated bright golden-yellow colour. These colour differences were studied in relation to changes in the composition of chlorophyll and carotenoid pigments, as well as polyphenolic compo...

In this paper, we focus on the development of whole-scene colour appearance descriptors for classification to be used in browsing applications. The descriptors can classify a whole-scene image into various categories of semantically-based colour appearance. Colour appearance is an important feature and has been extensively used in image-analysis, retrieval and classification. By using pre-exist...

Natural latex does not fall into the category of materials known to be entirely inoffensive. The objective of the present in vitro study is to test the hypothesis that there is no difference in the cytotoxicity between natural latex elastics of different colours. The present article compared different latex intra-oral elastics (5/16 = 7.9 mm). The sample was divided into four groups according t...

Vitamin D deficiency is a common issue, particularly in obese populations, and is tested by assessing serum 25(OH)D concentrations. This study aimed to identify factors that contribute to the vitamin D status in fifty morbidly obese individuals recruited prior to bariatric surgery. Data collected included serum 25(OH)D concentrations, dietary and supplement intake of vitamin D, sun exposure mea...

Natural selection is a central tenet of evolutionary theory, yet the estimation of the direction and intensity of selection remains problematic. Here, we assess the strength of selection on the early expression of a secondary sexual ornament, bill colour, in male European blackbirds (Turdus merula) using 5 years of capture-mark-recapture (CMR) data. The best-fitting model consisted of a quadrat...

This paper describes a methodology wherein genetic algorithms were used to evolve neural network controllers for application in automatic road driving. The simulated controllers were capable of dynamically varying the mixture of colour components in the input image to ensure the ability to perform well across the entire range of possible environments. During the evolution phase, they were evalu...

Colour refinement is a basic algorithmic routine for graph isomorphism testing, appearing as a subroutine in almost all practical isomorphism solvers. It partitions the vertices of a graph into “colour classes” in such a way that all vertices in the same colour class have the same number of neighbours in every colour class. Tinhofer [27], Ramana, Scheinerman, and Ullman [23] and Godsil [12] est...

Loss of colour in hair is due to varied reasons like genetic influence, effect of environmental factors, use of alcoholic preparations, etc. Though the permanent synthetic hair dyes are available in different colour ranges and retain natural lustre, they have the chief disadvantage of producing hypersensitive reactions in some individuals. In the present investigation various combinations of po...

We discuss how visual nonlinearity can be optimized for the precise representation of environmental inputs. Such optimization leads to neural signals with a compressively nonlinear input-output function the gradient of which is matched to the cube root of the probability density function (PDF) of the environmental input values (and not to the PDF directly as in histogram equalization). Comparis...