Animals living in groups face a high risk of disease contagion. In many arthropod species, cuticular antimicrobials constitute the first protective barrier that prevents infections. Here we report that group-living spiders produce cuticular chemicals which inhibit fungal growth. Given that cuticular antifungals may be costly to produce, we explored whether they can be modulated according to the...

and Applied Analysis 3 Lemma 5 (A-harmonic approximation lemma). Consider fixed positive λ and L, and n,N ∈ N with n ≥ 2. Then for any given ε > 0 there exists δ = δ(n,N, λ, L, ε) ∈ (0, 1] with the following property: for any A ∈ Bil (RnN) satisfying A (], ]) ≥ λ|]| 2 for all ] ∈ R nN

Experimental studies have demonstrated that for many marine invertebrate species, variability in larval condition or quality at settlement may have important effects on post-settlement, early juvenile performance. Relatively few studies, however, explicitly examine natural variability in larval condition at settlement. This study examines natural variability in larval attributes (size and lipid...

Research indicates that there is a preference for natural v. synthetic products, but the influence of this preference on drug choice in the medical domain is largely unknown. We present 5 studies in which participants were asked to consider a hypothetical situation in which they had a medical issue requiring pharmacological therapy. Participants ( N = 1223) were asked to select a natural, plant...

A fluid–structure interaction system subject to Sommerfeld’s condition is defined as a Sommerfeld system which is divided into three categories: Fluid Sommerfeld (FS) System, Solid Sommerfeld (SS) System and Fluid Solid Sommerfeld (FSS) System of which Sommerfeld conditions are imposed on a fluid boundary only, a solid boundary only and both fluid and solid boundaries, respectively. This paper ...

Honest advertisement models posit that only individuals in good health can produce and/or maintain ornamental traits. Even though disease has profound effects on condition, few studies have experimentally tested its effects on trait expression and even fewer have identified a mechanistic basis for these effects. Recent evidence suggests that black and white, but not grey, plumage colors of blac...

HE cytoplasmically-inherited “sex-ratio” condition (SR) has been analyzed by many workers. BUZZATI-TRAVERSO (1941) first reported “sex-ratio” females in Drosophila bilineata (=D. bijasciata) collected in natural populations in Italy. “Sex-ratio” females of the same species were found in Pavia, Italy (MAGNI 1953) and also in Asakawa, Japan (MORIWAKI and KITAGAWA 1954). Further examples of the “s...

The reaction of primary aromatic amines with aryl aldehydes is found to be catalyzed by lemon juice as natural acid under solvent-free conditions to give the corresponding Schiff bases in good yields. This eco-friendly reaction has many advantages like economical, environmental, mild reaction conditions and simple work-up with high product yield.

Despite their ubiquitous use in laboratory strains, naturally occurring loss-of-function mutations in genes encoding core metabolic enzymes are relatively rare in wild isolates of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Here, we identify a naturally occurring serine auxotrophy in a sake brewing strain from Japan. Through a cross with a honey wine (white tecc) brewing strain from Ethiopia, we map the minimal m...