Although Spalding is incisive about such institutional developments and clear about the college's response to such major national changes in medical education as the impact of the 1910 Flexner report, he often overlooks opportunities to underscore the distinctively southern character of the education at MCG. For example, although he remarks upon the many kinship ties that joined generations of ...

OBJECTIVE To identify the strengths and weaknesses of the devolved district health system from the experiences of different stakeholders, and recommend direction for reforms in the existing system. METHODS Using qualitative exploratory design, the study was conducted in 3 cities of the province of Sindh in Pakistan--Karachi, Khairpur and Larkana--from January to March 2010. Nine in-depth inte...

Common vampire bats often regurgitate food to roost-mates that fail to feed. The original explanation for this costly helping behaviour invoked both direct and indirect fitness benefits. Several authors have since suggested that food sharing is maintained solely by indirect fitness because non-kin food sharing could have resulted from kin recognition errors, indiscriminate altruism within group...

Please cite this article in press as: Nyborg, H. 10.1016/j.paid.2012.03.010 The interview covers Rushton’s background in England, South Africa, and Canada, his education at the University of London (B.Sc., 1970; Ph.D., 1973), and his early research (1970–1980) on the social learning of generosity in 7to 11-year olds. In his first book, Altruism, socialization, and society (1980), Rushton solved...

Interaction within groups exploiting a common resource may be prone to cheating by selfish actions that result in disadvantages for all members of the group, including the selfish individuals. Kin selection is one mechanism by which such dilemmas can be resolved. This is because selfish acts toward relatives include the cost of lowering indirect fitness benefits that could otherwise be achieved...

K inship among animals has important implications for their behaviour, as it determines their opportunities for nepotism and their risk of inbreeding (e.g. Hamilton 1963; Wade 1979; Trontti et al. 2005). The most accurate way to assess kinship is through complete knowledge of pedigrees (we use the term kinship to refer to categorical levels of coancestry, as would be derived from pedigree const...

This prospectus analyzes the potential determinants of Chinese non-performing loan (NPL) ratio in banking sector and its implications using panel data from different banks in China. By incorporating both bank specific factors and macro variables, it shows domestic credit growth rate, bank profitability measures and bank ownership play important roles in determining NPL ratio. Analysis of propor...

ARECURRING question within contemporary democratic countries relates to whether parliamentary immunity only serves to protect the interests of representatives, rather than the interests of those they were elected to represent. With every act that is suspected of being corrupt (for example, accepting a bribe in return for asking a question or delivering a speech in parliament, failure to declare...

The ocellated antbird (Phaenostictus mcleannani) feeds in groups and therefore is an informative species in which to study the biological factors that modulate avian group living. These birds congregate at swarms of army ants to capture fleeing prey, and previous observations suggest that males may be philopatric, feed with close relatives, and defend communal feeding ranges. We assessed whethe...

present day, with biographies of the many outstanding members and full lists of their coveted honours, distinctions and publications. K6rner's book is not only a series of biographies, but also a political and social history of the time, as he describes the political, social and scientific events which affected the Siebolds and indicated such influence as they occasionally had on them. There we...