Production of highly viscous tar sand bitumen using Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage (SAGD) with a pair of horizontal wells has advantages over conventional steam flooding. This paper explores the use of Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) as an alternative to the traditional SAGD simulation approach. Feed forward, multi-layered neural network meta-models are trained through the Back-...

Constrained optimization problems have a wide range of applications in science, economics, and engineering. In this paper, a neural network model is proposed to solve a class of nonsmooth constrained optimization problems with a nonsmooth convex objective function subject to nonlinear inequality and affine equality constraints. It is a one-layer non-penalty recurrent neural network based on the...

background global health partnerships have grown rapidly in number and scope, yet there has been less emphasis on their evaluation. gavi, the vaccine alliance, is one such public-private partnership; in gavi-eligible countries partnerships are dynamic networks of immunization actors who work together to support all stages and aspects of gavi support. this paper describes a conceptual framework ...

This paper aims to evaluate the impact of several indices of market structure including entry to barrier, economies of scale and concentration degree on 140 active industries using the digit. Accordingly, we apply three methods including cost disadvantages ratio ( ), Herfindahl–Hirschman concentration index ( ) and Comanor and Willson criterion in order to assess the economies of scale and usin...