Objectives: The main objective of this research was an analytic assessment of Neural Tube Defects (NTDs) in pregnant women who visited Jundi Shapur university hospitals in Ahvaz from March 21, 2002 till March 20, 2004 and possible contributory factors. Methodology: This is a retrospective study from the medical documents. The results have been analytically assessed. Results: Total numbers of pr...

childhood constipation is ofton a long_term problem requiring treatment over months or years. there is no single treatment metod for constipation and many children do not respond and continue to have chronic problems. treatment is consisted of: disimpaction,drug adminstration , diet modilation, and behaverial therapy. it is necessary in all cases that not responding to conventional therapy, un ...

C hile, a country credited for its rapid social and economic progress relative to its Latin American neighbors, again asserted its leadership in public health when in the year 2000 the government successfully implemented the cost-saving fortification of wheat flour with folic acid to prevent neural-tube defects, a congenital malformation. Like other micronutrient programs, the low cost of input...

Spina bifida is the most common birth defect of central nervous system that compatible with life, and myelomeningocele represents its frequent form. Congenital (CMM) has a worldwide incidence 0.5 to 0.8 per 1,000 live newborns. CMM complex condition resulting from incomplete closure neural tube, mainly in lumbosacral region. The objective surgical repair reconstruction all tissue layers defect,...

The mouse mutant curly-tail is an animal model for human neural tube defects (NTD). Around 60% spontaneously have NTD. It has been found that maternal administration of hydroxyurea, mitomycin C, or 5-fluorouracil on day 9 of pregnancy, that is, when the fetal neural tube is in the final stages of closure, leads to a significant reduction in the proportion of NTD (to 15 to 20%) in the offspring,...

Objectives: Women of childbearing age are strongly encouraged to take a daily multivitamin containing folic acid in order to decrease their risk of having a pregnancy affected by a neural tube defect (NTD). While multivitamins offer an effective means for obtaining adequate amounts of folic acid, there are dietary options (e.g., fortified grain products) for obtaining this important vitamin. In...

This report details a family in whom there is autosomal dominantly inherited uveal colobomata, associated eye defects, and cleft lip and palate occurring in twelve subjects over three generations. Considerable variability in expression of the gene is apparent, uveal colobomata being the most constant feature, and the full syndrome probably includes mental retardation of varying degree. The poss...

Pentalogy of Cantrell is an extremely rare and lethal syndrome. Ectopia cordis is frequently found in fetuses with POC but not required for incomplete forms. Likewise, meningomyelocele is a relatively uncommon neural tube defect affecting central nervous system and associated with neurological problems. Herein, we presented a woman with dizygotic twin pregnancy having coincidence of incomplete ...

We describe a case of mitochondrial encephalopathy, lactacidosis, and stroke-like episode (MELAS syndrome) associated with ventricular septal defect and meningocele at the L3 level in a 5-year-old girl. Mitochondrial DNA analysis showed point mutation at nucleotide 3271--> TC. The occurrence of heart and neural tube defects in association with usual features of the MELAS syndrome might be expla...

A 4exible method for modelling capture–recapture data with continuous covariates that describe heterogeneous catchability is developed. The well established generalized additive modelling framework is used. An estimator of population size is developed using this method. The performance of the method is demonstrated using neural tube defect capture–recapture data from the Netherlands, with the b...