BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The results of phase III trials of neuroprotective drugs for acute ischemic stroke have been disappointing. We examine the question of whether these trials may have been underpowered. METHODS Computer simulations were based on the binomial distribution. RESULTS We illustrate that even small overestimates of the efficacy of an intervention can lead to a serious reducti...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Limited data suggest that intracerebral hemorrhage related to oral anticoagulant therapy (OAT ICH) is associated with more hemorrhage expansion and a worse prognosis than spontaneous ICH (SICH). METHODS We examined patients enrolled in the placebo arm of the CHANT study, a prospective randomized trial of a putative neuroprotectant in patients with ICH. All patients had ...

BACKGROUND Clonidine has been shown to be a potent neuroprotectant by acting at α(2) receptors on glutamatergic neurons to inhibit the release of glutamate. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of clonidine on the activity of EAAT3 that can regulate extracellular glutamate. METHODS EAAT3 was expressed in the Xenopus oocytes. Using a two-electrode voltage clamp, membrane current...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Studies have demonstrated the importance of early stroke treatment. If a neuroprotective agent (NA) clinical trial is successful, the greatest benefit might be attained with early prehospital administration. This study determined the potential reduction in time to treatment of stroke patients when NAs were administered in the prehospital setting. METHODS Twenty-three ur...

Parkinson' disease (PD) is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disease worldwide. To date, there is no disease-modifying agent, and current medical treatment only provides symptomatic benefits. Early diagnosis of PD would be useful in clinical practice to identify patients for clinical trials, test potential drugs and neuroprotective agents and track their therapeutic effect. Considerab...

OBJECTIVE Several phytochemical agents have been known to exhibit a neuroprotective effect. Among them, curcumin, linalool, rutin, safranal, and thymoquinone were widely investigated and neuroprotective activity of each of them was shown by several studies. This work was planned to investigate whether different combinations of them could induce better neuroprotective effect against glucose/seru...

Background and Purpose—The goal of the Stroke Treatment Academic Industry Roundtable (STAIR) meetings is to advance the development of acute and restorative stroke therapies. Summary of Review—At the STAIR VII recommendations for strategies to maximize the use of intravenous thrombolytics through targeting public education, and the refinement of current treatment exclusion criteria were propose...

The translocator protein of 18kDa (TSPO) is located in the outer mitochondrial membrane and is involved in the cholesterol transport into the mitochondria and in the regulation of steroidogenesis, mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening and apoptosis. TSPO ligands have been investigated as therapeutic agents that promote neuroprotective effects in experimental models of brain injury ...

Epidemiological studies have revealed a significantly reduced risk of Parkinson's disease (PD) among coffee and tobacco users, although it is unclear whether these correlations reflect neuroprotective/symptomatic effects of these agents or preexisting differences in the brains of tobacco and coffee users. Here, we report that coffee and tobacco, but not caffeine or nicotine, are neuroprotective...

We previously reported the discovery of P7C3, an aminopropyl carbazole having proneurogenic and neuroprotective properties in newborn neural precursor cells of the dentate gyrus. Here, we provide evidence that P7C3 also protects mature neurons in brain regions outside of the hippocampus. P7C3 blocks 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-mediated cell death of dopaminergic neurons ...