Fitness landscapes have been proposed as a theoretical construct for investigating and explaining a range of phenomena from biology, physics and combinatorial optimization. A simple definition of a fitness landscape can be given as a triple (V, E, f), where V is a set of vertices, E is a set of undirected edges between the vertices of V, and f:V is an arbitrary function. The vertices of V are c...

Some multi-allelic data obtained by Coyne (1976) and by Singh, Lewontin and Felton (1976) are analyzed for their compatibility with the neutral alleles theory. It is found that strict neutrality appears not to be the case, but that if further alleles were to be distinguished in the samples, neutrality could become a possible explanation.

This publication calls for ambitious and bold action from governments, the private sector regulators. Development of technologies will require new regulatory frameworks to support immediate commercialization. Policy should also incorporate legally binding commitments increased international technology transfer, harmonized standards, definitions ‘green’ hydrogen, energy efficiency, conservation....

In recent years, not only ruggedness but also neutrality has been recognized as an important feature of a fitness landscape for genetic search. Since the traditional theories based on the schema theory are not useful for problems including neutrality, new theoretical guidelines should be developed for effective genetic search. This research direction has been introduced almost for ten years, bu...

Service providers argue that if net neutrality is not enforced, they will have sufficient incentives to build special high-quality channels that will take the Internet to the next level of its evolution. But what if they do get their wish, net neutrality is consigned to the dustbin, and they do build their new services, but nobody uses them? If the networks that are built are the ones that are ...

Although most applications of discounting occur in risky settings, the best-known axiomatic justifications are deterministic. This paper provides an axiomatic rationale for discounting in a stochastic framework. Consider a representation of time and risk preferences with a binary relation on a real vector space of vector-valued discrete-time stochastic processes on a probability space. Four axi...

If, because of trade-offs or similar considerations, components of fitness are negatively correlated in equilibrium populations, they may then exhibit no correlation with total fitness. Lack of correlation with fitness is a fundamental characteristic of selective neutrality. Hence, selectively important traits become subsumed under neutral traits when the definition of neutrality is extended to...

Newsvendor models are widely used in the literature, and usually based upon the assumption of risk neutrality. Recently there is a growing body of literature that attempts to use alternative risk preferences rather than risk neutrality to describe the newsvendor decision-making behavior. In this chapter, we provide an overview of newsvendor models with alternative risk preferences within the ex...