introduction urbanization in developing countries has caused many problems, such as increase in urbanization, lack of housing and employment, migration and stagnation of villages, and promoting villages to towns is one of the main policies to reduce these problems. development of small and intermediate urban centers has, for the past several years, been canvassed by many scholars and internatio...

Mayan towns in the Guatemalan highlands hold markets on specific days of the week. A market is attended by local townspeople, by peasants residing in the town’s hinterland, and by vendors bringing wares from other towns. A market functions to bring in goods from other ecological zones, to bring in goods from higher order centers, and to sell surpluses of locally produced goods. To understand ho...


 This article examines the epigraphic and archaeological evidence attesting staging of gladiatorial associated spectacles in Roman Crete. The indicates shows held capital province, Gortyn; colony Knossos, Hierapytna, possibly Chersonesos Kissamos. Some that took place Gortyn were extraordinary very costly, including beast fights, public executions combats with sharp weapons. cities presen...

This paper documents a research project conducted in the cities of Mantua and Sabbioneta, cooperation with local authorities, aim engaging residents tourists quest for an alternative more participatory way giving voice to these towns. The actions implemented led development kit exploring participating cities, based on personal stories, old maps photos, exploratory field trips secondary school s...

In recent years, research and publication activity in the field of small medium-sized cities (SMSCs) an international context has been increasing. However, a survey extant remains missing. To bridge this gap, paper presents systematic comprehensive review relevant literature revealing how various disciplines, from geography to economics, approach topic different perspectives, which can be relat...

Drawing on Elias and Scotson’s theory of established/outsider relations, in this paper we argue that migrants can be outsiders in one spatial context and established in another simultaneously. Our empirical focus is the situations and experiences of migrant workers from central and eastern European countries based in four towns in Wales. For one group of migrant workers, based inside the strict...