Immunochemical measurement of serum 17α-hydroxyprogesterone (17OHP), the most important parameter for diagnosis of classical 21-hydroxylase deficiency (21OHD) in newborn infants, is known to be inaccurate due to the cross-reactivity of antibodies with a large quantity of fetal adrenal steroids. The aims of this study were 1) to establish reference values for the serum 17OHP level in Japanese ne...

Newborn infants may have a high oxygen cost of breathing (OCB) at the time of being weaned from mechanical ventilation. We hypothesized that this increase in oxygen consumption (V'O2) could be reduced by using certain weaning ventilatory modes. We designed a study to assess V'O2 during three weaning ventilatory modes: patient triggered ventilation, synchronous intermittent mandatory ventilation...

Unrecognized congenital hypothyroidism leads to mental retardation. Newborn screening and thyroid therapy started within 2 weeks of age can normalize cognitive development. The primary thyroid-stimulating hormone screening has become standard in many parts of the world. However, newborn thyroid screening is not yet universal in some countries. Initial dosage of 10 to 15 microg/kg levothyroxine ...

OBJECTIVES To assess the prevalence of congenital hypothyroidism and the ability of various neonatal thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSHneo) cutoff values to detect this disease. METHODS This cohort study was based on the retrospective collection of information available from the Reference Service for Newborn Screening database for all live births from January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2012, asse...

PURPOSE To determine the age of onset of the pupil grating response (PGR). To compare estimates of resolution acuity obtained by pupillometric and behavioral methods in early infancy. METHODS Dynamic infrared pupillometry was undertaken on 19 newborn infants while they fixated a uniform background upon which a 0.1 c/deg sine wave grating was briefly presented. Pupillary responses were also re...

OBJECTIVE. The aim was to determine whether inhaled nitric oxide therapy improves neurodevelopmental outcomes for infants with preterm persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn. METHODS.We conducted a historical cohort study to compare the 3-year incidence of cerebral palsy in preterm singleton infants ( 34 gestational weeks) with hypoxemic respiratory failure caused by persistent pulmon...

BACKGROUND A prerequisite for an effective innate immunity is the migrative ability of neutrophils to respond to inflammatory and infectious agents such as the intermediate interleukin (IL)-8 and the end-target formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) chemoattractants. The aim was to study the chemotactic capacity of neutrophils from newborn infants and adults in response to IL-8 and the ba...

988 P UBLISHED reports and rnpublished communications to the Committee on Drugs of the American Academy of Pediatrics indicate that substances potentially hazardous to the premature and full-term newborn infant continue to be used in the laundering of clothing, diapers, and bedding for hospital nurseries. In 1962 the Subcommittee on Accidental Poisoning called attention to occurrences of methem...

Current knowledge on adverse endocrine disruption effects of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) among newborn infants is limited and often controversial. To investigate the associations between prenatal exposure to major POPs and thyroid hormone levels among newborn infants, both cord serum or maternal serum concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (P...