We propose that the photochemical smog mechanism produced substantial ozone (O3) in the troposphere during the Proterozoic, which contributed to ultraviolet (UV) radiation shielding hence favoured the establishment of life. The smog mechanism is well-established and is associated with pollution hazes which sometimes cover modern cities. The mechanism proceeds via the oxidation of volatile organ...

The objective of this study was to characterize the emissions of air pollutants from mosquito coils and candles burning in a large environmental test chamber. The target pollutants included particulate matters (PM10, PM2.5), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx), methane (CH4), non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHC), volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and carbonyl compounds. The average PM10 conc...

The Clean Coal Technology (CCT) Demonstration Program is a government and industry co-funded effort to demonstrate a new generation of innovative coal utilization processes in a series of " showcase " facilities built across the country. These projects are carried out on a scale sufficiently large to demonstrate commercial worthiness and to generate data for design, construction, operation, and...

BACKGROUND Limited information is available regarding long-term effects of air pollution on blood pressure (BP) and hypertension. OBJECTIVE We studied whether 1-year exposures to particulate matter (PM) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) were correlated with BP and hypertension in the elderly. METHODS We analyzed cross-sectional data from 27,752 Taipei City residents > 65 years of age who participat...

The Clean Coal Technology (CCT) Demonstration Program is a government and industry co-funded effort to demonstrate a new generation of innovative coal utilization processes in a series of " showcase " facilities built across the country. These projects are carried out on a scale sufficiently large to demonstrate commercial worthiness and to generate data for design, construction, operation, and...

The article presents the results of a numerical simulation working process carried out in diesel engine. In applied utility program DIESEL-RK, laboratory engine Farymann Diesel type D10 was implemented. A selected inoperability its functional fuel supply system - reduced opening pressure injector pinj introduced. values adequate diagnostic parameters were determined: gas temperature cylinder Tc...

[1] A global three-dimensional model of tropospheric chemistry driven by reanalyzed European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts meteorological data is used to examine the sources of O3, CO, and nitrogen oxides (NOx = NO + NO2) in the South Pacific troposphere during the NASA Pacific Exploratory Mission to the Tropics (PEMTropics A) in September–October 1996. Aircraft observations up to 1...

[1] We examine the sources and chemistry affecting nitrogen oxides (NOx=NO+NO2) over the tropical Pacific (30 S–20 N) using observations from the Pacific ExploratoryMission to the Tropics B (PEM-Tropics B) aircraft mission conducted in March–April 1999. A global model of tropospheric chemistry driven by assimilated meteorological data is used to interpret the observations. Median concentrations...

Emissions inventories significantly affect photochemical air quality model performance and the development of effective control strategies. However, there have been very few studies to evaluate their accuracy. Here, to evaluate a volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions inventory, we implemented a combined approach: comparing the ratios of carbon bond (CB)-IV VOC groups to nitrogen oxides (NOx...

The Clean Coal Technology (CCT) Demonstration Program is a government and industry co-funded effort to demonstrate a new generation of innovative coal utilization processes in a series of " showcase " facilities built across the country. These projects are carried out on a scale sufficiently large to demonstrate commercial worthiness and to generate data for design, construction, operation, and...