The seemingly trivial moving boundary problem of the crystallization of a solid phase from a cooled wall comes under the rubric of the so-called Stefan problems describing a wide range of physical processes. Their rich nonlinear behavior has attracted substantial scientific interest and their ubiquity in fields ranging from metallurgy to geophysics stimulates developing new mathematical approac...

We describe the palladium-catalyzed multicomponent synthesis of 2-imidazolines. This reaction proceeds via the coupling of imines, acid chlorides and carbon monoxide to form imidazolinium carboxylates, followed by a decarboxylation. Decarboxylation in CHCl(3) is found to result in a mixture of imidazolinium and imidazolium salts. However, the addition of benzoic acid suppresses aromatization, a...

(1) Background: Seed treatment with potassium nitrate (KNO3) has been associated dormancy breaking, improved germination and enhanced seedling growth uniformity in a variety of plant species. However, the KNO3 effect seems to be dependent on species conditions. (2) Methods: We describe incubation dry pea seeds different concentration water uptake kinetic, early growth, antioxidant metabolism ho...

Investigations of the plant food requirements for sugarcane grown on the wind-blown, sandy soils of marine origin typical of the Natal coast, have. occupied the' attention, of numerous investigat6rsin past 'years. In some cases there has been shown to be little response to phosphate, whilst in the case of inorganic salts of potash and nitrogen a lack. of response or even a depressing effect on ...

We present an explicit water molecular dynamics simulation of dilute solutions of model alkyltrimethylammonium surfactant ions (number of methylene groups in the tail is 3, 5, 8, 10, and 12) in mixture with NaF, NaCl, NaBr, and NaI salts, respectively. The SPC/E model is used to describe water molecules. Results of the simulation at 298 K are presented in the form of radial distribution functio...

2,6-Disubstituted anilines are readily prepared from the direct reaction between amides and diaryliodonium salts. As demonstrated for 24 different examples, the reaction is of unusually broad scope with respect to the sterically congested arene and the nitrogen source, occurs without the requirement for any additional promoter, and proceeds through a direct reductive elimination at the iodine(I...

Two new potentially energetic salts comprising the 5,5'-azotetrazolate dianion have been prepared and structurally characterized. The new azotetrazolates are tetraphenylphosphonium-5,5'-azotetrazolate (1) and 1H-1,2,4-triazole-1-carboxamidine-5,5'azotetrazolate (2). The crystal structures of both compounds have been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and their energetic properties h...

Plants are a potential source of a large number of valuable secondary metabolites. In vitro cultures are being considered as an alternative to agricultural processes for studying valuable secondary metabolites. In this way, nutritive factors are important parameters influencing the production of these compounds in plants. Effects of nitrate concentrations (KNO3) on the production of two tropane...

Using the evaporating method, the solubility of potassium Nitrate was determined in various mixtures containing Water and Ethanol at 25°C. The results show that the solubility of KNo3 decreases with increasing the mass percent of Ethanol in the mixtures. This trend is along with decreasing the dielectric constant of Water+Ethanol mixtures. Moreover, it can be concluded that the totqal solubilit...