During gastrulation, diffusible "organizer" signals, including members of the TGFbeta Nodal subfamily, pattern dorsal mesoderm and the embryonic axes. Simultaneously, negative regulators of these signals, including the Nodal inhibitor Lefty, an atypical TGFbeta factor, are induced by Nodal. This suggests that Lefty-dependent modulation of organizer signaling might regulate dorsal mesoderm patte...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Nodal metastases are indisputable determinants of prognosis for colon and rectal cancer. Using classical histological criteria, many attempts to predict nodal metastasis have failed, preventing the adequate management of stage I (pT1) cancer. We investigated the role of tumour matrilysin in predicting metastatic potential, and discuss its potential use in individualising tre...

Vasculogenic mimicry (VM) is a nonangiogenesis-dependent pathway that promotes tumor growth and disease progression. Nodal signaling has several vital roles in both embryo development and cancer progression. However, the effects of Nodal signaling on VM formation in breast cancer and its underlying mechanisms are ill-defined. We analyzed the relationship between Nodal signaling and VM formation...

Mouse nodal, a member of the TGFbeta family of secreted growth factors is essential for gastrulation. We recently generated a nodal(lacZ) reporter allele by homologous recombination in ES cells. In the present study, beta-galactosidase staining in the perigastrulation-stage embryo has demonstrated the site of highest nodal expression is localised to the prospective posterior region of the epibl...

The Q-factoriality of a nodal quartic 3-fold implies its non-rationality. We prove that a nodal quartic 3-fold with at most 8 nodes is Q-factorial, and we show that a nodal quartic 3-fold with 9 nodes is not Q-factorial if and only if it contains a plane. However, there are non-rational non-Q-factorial nodal quartic 3-folds in P. In particular, we prove the non-rationality of a general non-Q-fa...

This paper presents a worst case approach for robust geometry and topology optimization of plane frames with global stability constraint. Uncertainty is assumed to exist in the nodal locations cross-sectional areas, values objective constraint functions are relaxed quantile structural responses represented by order statistics given robustness confidence levels. In alleviate difficulty caused me...

Interaction induced topological states remain one of the most fascinating phenomena in condensed matter physics. The exciton condensate has recently sparked renewed interest due to discovery new candidate materials and its driving force realize exotic states. In this work, we explore order high-order topology bilayer quantum spin Hall insulators find that excitonic corner can be realized by tun...

on a special interval. We obtain some nodal parameters like nodal points and nodal lengths. In addition, we reconstruct the potential function by nodal points. Results obtained in this paper are similar to the classical Sturm–Liouville problem. However, equations of this type are considered with the condition defined at the origin. We solve the problem on the interval [1,a], that problem is not...

The Discrete Nodal Domain Theorem states that an eigenfunction of the k-th largest eigenvalue of a generalized graph Laplacian has at most k (weak) nodal domains. We show that the number of strong nodal domains cannot exceed the size of a maximal induced bipartite subgraph and that this bound is sharp for generalized graph Laplacians. Similarly, the number of weak nodal domains is bounded by th...

Transl Androl Urol, Vol 3, Suppl 1 September 2014 www.amepc.org/tau © Translational Andrology and Urology. All rights reserved. mechanisms of spermatogenesis. Nodal could promote proliferation of mouse spermatogonial stem/progenitor cells via Smad2/3 and oct-4 activation. The objective of this study was to determine the role of Nodal signaling in the differentiation of iPS cells to male germ ce...