The 1940s were a decade of sharp contraction in wage inequality, particularly at the top of the distribution. We study this narrowing using a new dataset on the compensation of top executives. Relative to average earnings, median executive pay declined 0.34 log points from 1940 to 1949. We find that government regulation—including explicit salary restrictions and taxation—had, at best, a modest...

Ken Iverson, a technology entrepreneur, almost singlehandedly revived the moribund US steel industry. His success contains important lessons for health care. Nucor, the steel-focused factory Iverson managed, differed from the everything-for-everybody steel behemoths of yore, like Bethlehem Steel, with its specialty steel products and relatively small mini-mills, as did his egalitarian, producti...

All material is copyrighted and can only be used for purposes of this training. © 2008 The JG Press, Inc. MOST attention given to health aspects at composting facilities in the past has concerned public health, particularly bioaerosols, odor emissions and heavy metals in the finished product. Federal and state regulations have not dealt with worker health. For example, the federal 40 CFR Part 5...

background noise exposure is known as a risk factor for hearing loss and one of its effects is noise-induced stress. cortisol as a stress hormone is used in noise-induced stress assessments. objectives the aim of this study was to measure and compare saliva cortisol concentrations in the morning and evening in normal work day and rest day in both case and control groups and to assess the associ...

Whole-body vibration (WBV) comprises the transfer of relatively low-frequency environmental vibration to the human body through a broad contact area. These frequencies are in the range of 0.5 to 80 Hz (ISO, 1997; ANSI, 2002). Transmission occurs through the feet when standing, the buttocks when sitting (most common scenario) or the entire body length when reclining in contact with the vibrating...

conclusions due to the long exposure to the loud noise during the day, hearing loss in drivers is significant. the left ear displays greater loss than the right ear. therefore, strategies to prevent hearing loss in drivers could include education, lifestyle changes and compliance issues related to hearing health, use of personal protective equipment, conducting periodic examinations and early t...

Gene regulatory networks (GRNs) represent complex nonlinear coupled dynamical systems that models gene functions and regulations at the system level. Previous research has described GRNs as coupled nonlinear systems under parametric perturbations without considering the important aspect of stochasticity. However, a realistic model of a GRN is that of a hybrid stochastic retarded system that rep...

Transport noise and vibration have a negative influence on the environment, human health, quality of life. The measurement analysis transport are required by regulations guidelines that various countries set in order to manage mitigate these effects. This review paper provides an overview requirements for transportation different countries. examines parameters, methods, standards used United St...

the paper is based on a study conducted in three different industries on 84.4 on their employees to determine the effect of over all noise intensity, length of employment and rest periods among them. it was found that the mentioned factors have direct effect on the induced hearing loss among the exposed workers. high noise level and long period of employment adversely affect the hearing ability...

Using the widespread Eurasian perch Perca fluviatilis as a model organism, feeding ranges were investigated using stable-isotope ratios (δ15 N and δ13 C) and body condition. Differences were found between closely located sampling sites in a littoral area without obvious migration barriers, indicating that individual fish had small feeding ranges. Body condition differences between sampled stati...