Dear Participants, We welcome you to the 18th Symposium of the International Colour Vision Society in Lyon at the Palais des Congrès overlooking the Rhône River. As in past meetings, we will take the next 5 days to recount and hear recounted the latest advances in all aspects of colour vision, from genes to spectral coding, from neurophysiology to perception, from retina to cortex, from develop...

An exponential representation of the S-matrix provides a natural framework for understanding semi-classical limit scattering amplitudes. While sharing some similarities with eikonal formalism it differs from in details. Computationally, rules are simple because pieces that must be subtracted given by combinations unitarity cuts. Analyzing classical gravitational to third Post-Minkowskian order ...

Dynamical representations used in physics are analysed from a "second order" viewpoint, as distinction systems constructed by an observer in interaction with an object. The creation, conservation and destruction of distinctions can be understood on the basis of a distinction dynamics. The fundamental mechanism is the variation through recombination and selective retention of closed combinations...

the semi-classical model of atom-field interaction has been fully studied for some multilevel atoms, e.g. vee, l, cascade x , y, and inverted y and so on. this issue is developed into the full-quantum electrodynamics formalism, where the probe and coupling electromagnetic fields are quantized. in this article, we investigate the full-quantum model of absorption and dispersion spectrum of trappe...

Objects of consideration are various non-classical connectives “hidden” in the classical logic in the form of with — a classical connective, and — a propositional variable. One of them is negation, which is defined as ; another is necessity, which is defined as . The new operations are axiomatized and it is shown that they belong to the 4–valued logic of Łukasiewicz.A 2–point Kripke semantics i...

Inclusion body hepatitis (IBH) has been reported in many countries in the world. The IBH or similar cases characterized by hepatitis and presence of intra-nuclear inclusion bodies in hepatocytes have not been reported in broiler chickens in Iran. This is the first report on outbreak of adenovirus-like inclusion body hepatitis in Iran. On October 2012, an onset of high acute mortality in a flock...

The homotopy theory of topological defects is a powerful tool for organizing and unifying many ideas across a broad range of physical systems. Recently, experimental progress was made in controlling and measuring colloidal inclusions in liquid crystalline phases. The topological structure of these systems is quite rich but, at the same time, subtle. Motivated by experiment and the power of topo...