indubitably, the efficacy of metalinguistic awareness in improving efl learners’ grammatical knowledge and writing quality has long been an area of great interest in applied linguistics brown (2001). accordingly, the main objective of the present study was to investigate the impact of planned and unplanned focus on form instruction on students’ ability to learn grammar and use it appropriately ...

Vol. 10 No. 1 1998 Many of today’s computer applications require computation power not easily achieved by computer architectures that provide little or no parallelism. A promising alternative is the parallel architecture, more specifically, the instruction-level parallel (ILP) architecture, which increases computation during each machine cycle. ILP computers allow parallel computation of the lo...

In this paper, the Bit Error Rate (BER), performance of conventional Discrete Fourier Transform (FFT) OFDM system is compared with Nonconventional Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT)OFDM system in AWGN and Rayleigh fading environment. Performance has been given with conventional mapping schemes like BPSK, QPSK and nonconventional mapping schemes like DQPSK and π/4 DQPSK. Simulation results show tha...

The excessive focus on water mounts a challenge to the sustainable development. Energy is another aspect that should be taken into account. Nexus approach is characterized by an equal emphasis on energy and water spheres. In arid areas, like the city of Kashan, Iran, non-conventional waters (e.g. desalinated and recycled waters) have been considered as an alternative resource of water. Nexus wa...

this study investigated the relative effects of deductive and inductive form-focused instruction (ffi) on the acquisition of 4 non-generic definite article uses(cultural, situational, structural, and textual) as assessed by explicit and implicit outcome measures. the tests utilized to assess efl learners' acquisition of definite article uses were timed and untimed grammaticality judgment t...