Vibro-Acoustic Modulation method for detection and characterization of various structural material flaws has been actively researched the last two decades. Most studies focused on monitoring macro-cracks requiring well established baseline (no-damage) value modulation index. The is specific a particular structure, measuring setup, other factors can't be in many practical situations without long...

Offshore windmills and pipeline networks are examples of strategic infrastructures used for the production clean energy storage long-distance transportation hydrocarbons, hydrogen water. The relevant structural elements mainly made welded portions steel pipes, which often interact with aggressive fluids hostile environments. Material aging is thus accelerated localized damage processes promoted...

ABSTRACT Chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflora) is the second most produced and commercialized ornamental plant in world. Measuring leaf area through non-destructive methods fundamental for studies on its growth production. The estimation of by linear dimensions leaves can be a strategy this purpose. objective study was to find allometric equations estimate chrysanthemum. linear, without inte...