The FMR-1 gene for the human fragile-chi syndrome, a mental retardation disease inherited by non-Mendelian transmission, contains a genetically unstable CGG region in the 5' non-translated region. The severity of the disease is correlated with the length of the CGG tract. The cloning of 28 stable plasmids containing (CGG)n inserts (where n = 6 to 240) with different extents and types of sequenc...

In this paper, the non-fragile state estimation problem is investigated for a class of discrete-time neural networks subject to Markovian jumping parameters and time delays. In terms of a Markov chain, the mode switching phenomenon at different times is considered in both the parameters and the discrete delays of the neural networks. To account for the possible gain variations occurring in the ...

Mammalian common fragile sites are loci of frequent chromosome breakage and putative recombination hotspots. Here, we utilized Replication Slow Zones (RSZs), a budding yeast homolog of the mammalian common fragile sites, to examine recombination activities at these loci. We found that rates of URA3 inactivation of a hisG-URA3-hisG reporter at RSZ and non-RSZ loci were comparable under all condi...

BACKGROUND The fragile X premutation provides a unique opportunity for the study of genetic and brain mechanisms of behavior and cognition in the context of neurodevelopment and neurodegeneration. Although the neurodegenerative phenotype, fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome, is well described, evidence of a causal link between the premutation and psychiatric disorder earlier in life, cl...

Robustness, a long-recognized property of living systems, allows function in the face of uncertainty while fragility, i.e., extreme sensitivity, can potentially lead to catastrophic failure following seemingly innocuous perturbations. Carlson and Doyle hypothesized that highly-evolved networks, e.g., those involved in cell-cycle regulation, can be resistant to some perturbations while highly se...

<p style='text-indent:20px;'>In this paper, the composite anti-disturbances control problem is considered for a class of stochastic systems with multiple disturbances. The states system are assumed to be unavailable. A state observer and disturbance constructed estimate matched respectively. Based on estimated values observer, non-fragile controller designed achieve attenuation rejection....

In this paper, we propose an image moment-based geometric normalization to be applied before embedding and extracting a digital watermark in the DWT-domain of JPEG2000. A semi-fragile signature, generated from the normalized host signal, afterwards, is embedded for image authentication. The new system is tested extensively and performance results are compared to those of methods proposed by oth...