The predilection of atherosclerotic lesions for specific sites in the arterial tree is believed to be related t o the wall shear stress, exerted by the blood flow. Measurement of the magnitude of the wall shear stress is difficult and is frequently determined by an extrapolation of the velocity field t o find the wall shear rate and an estimation of the viscosity of the fluid in the neighborhoo...

Hemodynamics including flow pattern, shear stress, and blood viscosity characteristics has been believed to affect the development and progression of arterial stenosis, but previous studies lack of realistic physiological considerations such as irregular surface geometry, non-Newtonian viscosity characteristics and flow pulsatility. The effects of surface irregularities and non-Newtonian viscos...

The objective of this chapter is to introduce and to illustrate the frequent and wide occurrence of non-Newtonian fluid behaviour in a diverse range of applications, both in nature and in technology. Starting with the definition of a nonNewtonian fluid, different types of non-Newtonian characteristics are briefly described. Representative examples of materials (foams, suspensions, polymer solut...

Relativistic cosmological perturbation analyses can be made based on several different fundamental gauge conditions. In the pressureless limit the variables in certain gauge conditions show the correct Newtonian behaviors. We consider the general curvature and the cosmological constant in the background medium. The perturbed density in the comoving gauge, and the perturbed velocity and the pert...

BACKGROUND It is a known fact that blood flow pattern and more specifically the pulsatile time variation of shear stress on the vascular wall play a key role in atherogenesis. The paper presents the conception, the building and the control of a new in vitro test bench that mimics the pulsatile flows behavior based on in vivo measurements. METHODS An in vitro cardiovascular simulator is alimen...

the galerkin finite element method is used to solve the three dimensional continuity, momentum and energy equations for laminar newtonian and power-law model non-newtonian flow through horizontal circular tube. the governing equations are non-dimensionalized with respect to specific variables and converted into algebraic equations using appropriate elements. to accelerate convergence a combinat...

In this paper, 3D particle focusing in a straight channel with asymmetrical expansion-contraction cavity arrays (ECCA channel) is achieved by exploiting the dean-flow-coupled elasto-inertial effects. First, the mechanism of particle focusing in both Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids was introduced. Then particle focusing was demonstrated experimentally in this channel with Newtonian and non-Ne...