Extraordinary advances have been achieved in the field of male infertility in the last decades. There are new concepts in sperm physiology and several modern tools for the assessment of spermatogenesis kinetics in vivo. New tests using molecular biology and DNA damage assays allow the clinician to correctly diagnose men so far classified as having idiopathic male infertility. In the field of tr...

BACKGROUND Three typical folate metabolism enzymes-i.e. methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR), methionine synthase (MS) and MS reductase (MTRR) in the folate cycle-play a critical role in DNA synthesis and methylation reactions. We evaluated whether polymorphisms of these three enzymes are associated with non-obstructive male infertility. METHOD Three hundred and sixty patients with non...

AIM To evaluate the outcome of repetitive micro-surgical testicular sperm extraction (mTESE) attempts in non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) cases, in relation to patients' initial testicular histology results. METHODS A total of 68 patients with NOA in whom mTESE had been performed in previous intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) attempts were reviewed. RESULTS Among the 68 patients with ...