In order to clear a new product or market, the key factor a CCP must consider is its ability to manage the risks the product or market presents including the risk of default. This would normally require: the CCP has access to accurate pricing and valuation data; a degree of contract standardisation; and sufficiently deep liquidity in the market (or in sufficiently close hedges) to facilitate de...

1 Department of Internal Medicine, 3 Department of Pharmacy, 4 Department of Urology Airlangga University School of Medicine. Dr. Soetomo Teaching Hospital Surabaya, Indonesia 2 Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands 5 Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands De...

We sent an anonymous self-administered questionnaire to 4200 employees of a Trust hospital, 1903 of whom returned it. We identified 158 migraine sufferers according to International Headache Society (IHS) criteria. These sufferers estimated 2.0 days/year absence from work, and an equivalent of 5.5 days/year lost by reduced effectiveness at work, caused by their migraine at an estimated financia...

Cough during childhood is very common, and is one of the most frequent reasons for consultation in daily pediatric practice. The causes differ from those in adults, and specific pediatric guidelines should be followed for correct diagnosis and treatment. The most common cause of cough in children is viral infection producing "normal cough", but all children with persistent cough, i.e. a cough l...

Sik,?Lately a patent medicine in the form of pills under the title of " Jintan" is being sold in the market on a very extensive scale. I myself used them as they were very much extolled for sweetening the breath after chewing of pan. After taking the pills three times (as they were sent to me as a specimen) it struck me that it; must be containing a narcotic drug. To-day subjecting it to qualit...

OBJECTIVE To add an objective standardized clinical examination (OSCE) to a nonprescription medication elective and assess the impact on students' knowledge, skills, and satisfaction. DESIGN A nonprescription medicine elective was altered to incorporate more active learning and skill-assessment measures. Small group recitation sessions were added to review didactic material from a prior requi...

The use of Bayesian approaches in the regulated world of pharmaceutical drug development has not been without its difficulties or its critics. The recent Food and Drug Administration regulatory guidance on the use of Bayesian approaches in device submissions has mandated an investigation into the operating characteristics of Bayesian approaches and has suggested how to make adjustments in order...

BACKGROUND Numerous methods have been used to evaluate medication management quality in older adults; however, their predictive validities are unknown. Major medication quality indicators include polypharmacy, drug-drug interactions, and inappropriate medication use. To date, no study has attempted to evaluate the three approaches systematically or the effect of each approach on mortality in a ...

Drugs taken during pregnancy create concern whether they are self administered or medically prescribed. The number of mothers who take drugs during pregnancy is not known, but a survey in the United States showed that about 45% ofwomen may use at least one drug on prescription, and many more use drugs bought over the counter.' A recent prospective study in the United Kingdom, however, suggested...

As a Chinese traditional patent medicine, Tripterygium wilfordii glycosides (TWG) have been approved by the China State Food and Drug Administration (Z32021007) for autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Application of TWG leads to significant decrease of the inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α. However, little is known whether TWG could regulate the anti-inflammatory cytokine...