Standard reduction potentials, SRPs, of the halogen atoms have been calculated in water on the basis of an appropriate thermochemical cycle. Using the best up-to-date thermodynamic data available in the literature, we have calculated E(o)(X•/X-) values of 3.66, 2.59, 2.04, and 1.37 V vs SHE for F•, Cl•, Br•, and I•, respectively. Additionally, we have computed the SRPs of Cl•, Br•, and I• in ac...

Nonaqueous phase liquid (NAPL) contaminants that are chemical mixtures often contain compounds that are solids in their pure states. In the environment, weathering processes cause shifts in multicomponent NAPL composition, thereby enriching the NAPL in the less soluble compounds which may result in their eventual solidification. In this paper, we review the thermodynamic theory governing solid–...

Ibuprofen, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), is used in mild to moderate pain and fever. The rapid onset of action of ibuprofen depends on its solubility. Though ibuprofen has high membrane permeability, its solubility in aqueous media is poor (2.5mg/ml). To improve the solubility, several approaches such as solid dispersion, prodrug, inclusion complex, microencapsule etc. were do...

The entrapment of residual hydrocarbon globules by water table fluctuations can produce a long-term contamination threat to groundwater supplies that is difficult to remove. The mobilization of entrapped hydrocarbon globules depends on the balance between capillary and gravitational forces represented by the Bond number. It is important to estimate the potential for hydrocarbon entrapment at a ...

A nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis method, coupled to UV and electrospray mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), is described for the simultaneous analysis of Ecstasy and other related derivatives. Several electrophoretic and ESI-MS parameters were systematically investigated, such as electrolyte nature and concentration, organic solvent and sheath liquid compositions, nebulization gas pressure and dr...

The electrode response of single crystal n-type Ti02 in acetonitrile was investigated with a large number of electroactive compounds differing widely in their standard potentials. The electrochemical behavior of various compounds can be used to investigate the band structure of the semiconductor electrode. This method is useful in detecting intermediate energy levels between the condubtion and ...

Pravastatin Sodium has a cholesterol lowering agent. It has shorter half-life and undergoes first-pass metabolism. Frequent dose is required in case of conventional dosage form. The purpose of the study is to formulate and evaluate microcapsules containing Pravastatin Sodium by complex with cholestyramine resins coated with Eudragit RLPO and Eudragit RSPO polymers for achieving control release....

Reliable calculations of redox potentials could provide valuable insight into catalytic mechanisms of electrochemically active transition-metal complexes as well as guidelines for the design of new electrocatalysts. However, the correlation between theoretical and experimental data is often uncertain, since redox properties depend strongly on experimental conditions of electrochemical measureme...

Concentration plume evolution and chemical persistence at chlorinated solvent contaminated sites are typically controlled by the presence of dense nonaqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) mass within a highly contaminated region or DNAPL source zone. Characterization of both the extent and structure of the source zone DNAPL mass distribution is, thus, of great importance to site assessment and successfu...