Leakage of electromagnetic fields (EMF) from short-wave radiofrequency physiotherapeutic diathermies (SWDs) may cause health and safety hazards affecting unintentionally exposed workers (W) or general public (GP) members (assisting patient exposed during treatment or presenting there for other reasons). Increasing use of electronic active implantable medical devices (AIMDs), by patients, attend...

Optical spectrum of the sunlight consists of visible or chromatic spectrum, with the range of wavelengths of electromagnetic vibrations from 7700 to 3900 AU, and the invisible spectrum: infrared and ultraviolet. Chromatic spectrum gives rise to the sensation of colour, capable for simulating specialized retinal photoreceptors and is perceptible as light. This rule of perception of the particula...

The products of recombination activating gene (RAG)1 and RAG2 initiate the lymphoid-specific phase of the V(D)J recombination by creating a DNA double-strand break (dsb), leaving hairpin-sealed coding ends. The next step uses the general DNA repair machinery of the cells to resolve this dsb. Several genes involved in both V(D)J recombination and DNA repair have been identified through the analy...

The Laser used correctly in the medical practice offers clear advantages compared with traditional therapies. The improvement and even the elimination of many significant skin lesions can be achieved with reduced risks to patients. However, it is important to keep security measures and understand the possible effects on an experimental model. The chick embryo is a good model to evaluate the dir...

Radiation dose calculation using models of the human anatomy has been a subject of great interest to radiation protection, medical imaging, and radiotherapy. However, early pioneers of this field did not foresee the exponential growth of research activity as observed today. This review article walks the reader through the history of the research and development in this field of study which star...

Extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMFs) are non-ionizing radiations typically emitted by power lines, electrical wiring and electrical appliances. Epidemiological studies have repeatedly shown a positive association between ELF-EMFs and childhood leukemia. Exposures greater than 0.3-0.4 μT increase the risk by approximately 1.5-2 fold, and estimates indicate that up to 2% of c...

Use of non-ionizing radiation (NIR) for diagnostic purposes allows non-invasive assessment of the structure and function of the human body and is widely employed in medical care. ICNIRP has published previous statements about the protection of patients during medical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), but diagnostic methods using other forms of NIR have not been considered. This statement review...

This study is prepared by the Wireless Communication Centre (WCC) Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM) as collaboration with the Malaysian Communication and Multimedia Commission (MCMC) from Northern, Central and Southern regions to study the non-ionizing radiation (NIR) emission to public. This study aims to investigate the EMF pattern and its bio-effect to human kind. The installations of mobi...

Mobile phone use and wireless communication technology have grown explosively over the past decades. This rapid growth has caused widespread global concern about the potential detrimental effects of this technology on human health. Stem cells generate specialized cell types of the tissue in which they reside through normal differentiation pathways. Considering the undeniable importance of stem ...