Introduction Steam reforming is a process that converts hydrocarbon fuels into hydrogen and oxygenated carbon species. This process is important for catalytic hydrogen production and for direct electrochemical reforming of hydrocarbons over high temperature fuel cells, such as Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs). One of the main problems associated with the process is that conventional reforming (el...

whereas American industry has available large supplies of natural gas; the refiner in the U.S.A. can therefore produce high quality fuels partly by catalytic cracking of heavy distillates, but his European counterpart has no such opportunity and must rely to a much greater extent on catalytic reforming processes to produce high quality fuels from straightrun naphthas. Again, while demand for hi...

This study analyzed factors that influence the ignition delay characteristics of n-heptane/methane-blended fuel. The effects chemical species, exhaust gas recirculation rate, compression ratio, cool/hot flames, and combustion chamber conditions (temperature, pressure, O2 concentration) were determined using CHEMKIN Pro. experiment for verification 550–1000 K at 15 bar with 50% H2/50% CH4 main r...

The reforming of pure ethanol was studied over a bi-metallic precious metal (Rh/Pt) catalyst deposited on a ceramic monolith in order to analyze reforming process conditions. High ethanol conversion tests performed at low space velocities (<20,000 h ) confirmed that the catalyst could achieve 100% ethanol conversion to equilibrium concentrations of H2, CO, CO2 and CH4. Low conversion tests at h...

The CO2 reforming of coke oven gases (COG) was carried out over a Ni/γAl2O3 catalyst in order to obtain a suitable syngas for methanol synthesis. The influence of different operating conditions, such as temperature and volumetric hourly space velocity (VHSV), was studied. It was found that the H2 present in the feed gas promotes the Reverse Water Gas Shift reaction (RWGS), which produces water....

ion The linear alkanes, as most simple components, provide the fundamentals of fuel modeling in the case of more complicated components (alkenes, aromatics, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, etc.). Meanwhile n-alkanes or blending of n-alkanes are by far the best studied class of compounds for which reliable, detailed chemical kinetic models for combustion exist and supposed to be the suitable s...

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of food-simulating liquids on the flexural strength of a methacrylate-based and a silorane-based resin composite. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this in vitro study, sixty specimens of Filtek P90 and Filtek Z350 composite were prepared in a customized mold (2 × 2 × 25 mm). The specimens of each composite were divided into five subgroups a...

Catalysts with manganese nanoparticles (5 and 10 wt %) immobilized on poly-4-vinylpyridine were prepared. When interacting molecular oxygen, the catalyst forms active which is involved in low-temperature oxidation of n-heptane. These compositions have been used to oxidize n-heptane pure oxygen give alcohols, aldehydes ketones. Oxidation was carried out temperature range 303-383 K, molar ratios ...

Results of a detailed numerical analysis of an n-heptane/air edge flame are presented. The equations of a low-Mach number reacting flow are solved in a two-dimensional domain using detailed models for species transport and chemical reactions. The reaction mechanism involves 560 species and 2538 reversible reactions. We consider an edge flame that is established in a mixing layer with a uniform ...