Large areas in the Spanish Pyrenees are covered by snow between December and April, especially above 1650m a.s.l., the location of the cold season 08C isotherm. However, a significant negative trend in Pyrenean snow pack was detected during the second half of the 20th century. This paper analyses the interannual evolution of snow accumulation in these mountains in relation to the variability of...

Annual growth increments were examined from shells of the ocean quahog (Arctica islandica L.) from northwest Norway and from tree-ring samples of the Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) from nearby coastal areas. The reconstructed annual growth increments were used to compare growth variability in marine and terrestrial ecosystems. Spatiotemporal comparison of the growth records showed statistical...

The North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index is often characterized by independent positive and negative NAO events with a characteristic spatial pattern typical lifetime of around 1 week. These are separated periods near-neutral conditions. Here, we challenge this view showing in reanalysis observed data that the strength shape depends on prior to window week dependency most pronounced for event...

The impact of the environment on interannual variability in fish recruitment has proven difficult to establish empirically, and environment-recruitment correlations have often been found to break down when more data become available. This may suggest that the statistical models have failed to capture the essential explanatory variables, or that environment-recruitment relationships are non-stat...

We analyze reconstructions of large-scale surface temperature patterns in past centuries for insights into long-term climate change in the Middle and Near East. The temperature reconstructions, which have been described in detail previously, are based on calibration of widespread networks of high-resolution proxy and long instrumental/historical records against the 20th century global instrumen...

To improve fishery management, there is an increasing need to understand the long-term consequences of natural and anthropogenic climate variability for ecological systems. New England's iconic cod populations have been in decline for several decades and have recently reached unprecedented lows. We find that 17% of the overall decline in Gulf of Maine cod biomass since 1980 can be attributed to...

This paper provides an overview of the current knowledge Atlantic forcing North Sea's hydro- and biogeochemical dynamics. The Oscillation (NAO) causes largest short-term variations via common large scale atmospheric wind-driven exchange water masses. On longer time scales zonal shifts in position subpolar front (SPF) eastern Atlantic, also triggered by NAO, determine oceanic settings northern c...

and is responsible for much of the variability of weather in the North Atlantic region. NAO variation thus refl ects weather, including ambient temperature, precipitation, wind speed and direction, as well as the intensity, number, and track of storms throughout the North Atlantic region. Positive NAO leads to relatively strong westerly winds across the mid-latitudes of the Atlantic to Europe, ...