The covariability between the interannual changes of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and actual evapotranspiration was examined. This study employed NDVI datasets from the Pathfinder AVHRR Land (PAL) data and the Global Inventory Monitoring and Modeling Studies (GIMMS) group to reduce the uncertainty that may be involved in the NDVI time series. The analysis was carried out for th...

The geographic distribution of genetic variation reflects trends in past population migrations and can be used to make inferences about these migrations. It has been proposed that the east-west orientation of the Eurasian landmass facilitated the rapid spread of ancient technological innovations across Eurasia, while the north-south orientation of the Americas led to a slower diffusion of techn...

From 17 November to 27 December 2022, extremely cold snowstorms frequently swept across North America and Eurasia. Diagnostic analysis reveals that these extreme events were closely related the establishment of blocking circulations. Alaska Blocking (AB) subsequent Ural (UB) episodes are linked phase transition Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) represent main atmospheric regimes in Northern Hemisphere...

Temperate Deciduous Forests occur almost exclusively in the northern hemisphere and thrive under temperate climate with cold winter warm-humid summer. They covered a continuous belt during most of Tertiary across continent Laurasia occupying large area higher latitudes. With cooling Earth’s appearance subtropical aridity areas, combination separation North America from Eurasia, this split into ...

An archive of land-based, surface-observed cloud reports has been updated and now spans 39 years from 1971 through 2009. Cloud-type information at weather stations is available in individual reports or in longterm, seasonal, and monthly averages. A shift to a new data source and the automation of cloud reporting in some countries has reduced the number of available stations; however, this datas...