OBJECTIVES Tularemia is a zoonotic disease transmitted by direct contact with infected animals and through arthropod bites, inhalation of contaminated aerosols, ingestion of contaminated meat or water, and skin contact with any infected material. It is widespread throughout the northern hemisphere, including Iran and its neighbors to the north, northeast, and northwest. METHODS In this paper,...

OBJECTIVE To investigate the prevalence of autoimmune thyroid disease in diabetic children in Northwest Iran. METHODS In a cross-sectional study from February 2006 to November 2007, serum levels of anti-thyroid peroxidase, and anti-thyroglobulin antibodies, and thyrotropin hormone were measured with ELISA method in 176 diabetic children (78 Male and 98 Female) at a mean age of 8.3 +/- 3.7 and...

TO THE EDITOR—Treatment of multidrugresistant (MDR) tuberculosis requires longtime usage of toxic drugs that are unpleasant for patients and costly for patients and governments. The costs in terms of human suffering, disability, and socioeconomic loss are immeasurable. In Iran, diagnosis and treatment of the disease are offered free of charge; fees are paid by the government and several chariti...

Neonatal sepsis is a life-threatening emergency, and any delay in treatment may cause death. Because of the importance of the problem in Iran, the aim of this retrospective study was to determine the etiological agents of neonatal septicemia, and the prevalence and epidemiology of Klebsiella bacteremia in the neonatal wards. Two hundred and ten cases of neonatal sepsis occurred during the study...

BACKGROUND Infections caused by Hepatitis B are one of the world health's most serious problems. According to assessments, nearly 500,000 to 1.2 million people die each year due to chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis of the liver and hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatitis B is one of the diseases which can be transferred through blood and its products. Clinical importance of genotypes of hepatitis B viru...