It is widely believed that humans are endowed with a specialized numerical process, called subitizing, which enables them to apprehend rapidly and accurately the numerosity of small sets of objects. A major part of the evidence for this process is a purported discontinuity in the mean response time (RT) versus numerosity curves at about 4 elements, when subjects enumerate up to 7 or more elemen...

It is widely believed that the modular organization of cellular function is reflected in a modular structure of molecular networks. A common view is that a "module" in a network is a cohesively linked group of nodes, densely connected internally and sparsely interacting with the rest of the network. Many algorithms try to identify functional modules in protein-interaction networks (PIN) by sear...

The mere exposure effect refers to the phenomenon where previous exposures to stimuli increase participants' subsequent affective preference for those stimuli. This study explored the effect of selective attention on the mere exposure effect. The experiments manipulated the to-be-attended drawings in the exposure period (either red or green polygons in Experiments 1 and 2; both red and green po...

Anonymous originates from the 4chan. org message board, an ‘anything goes’ website that allows users to post images and comments without registering. They can use names (any names) or they can post without identifying themselves, in which case the posting is labelled ‘Anonymous’. The site became a rallying point for a series of (mostly juvenile) pranks and campaigns. Before the Wikileaks-relate...

Aim: An increased prevalence of celiac disease (CD) in cystic fibrosis (CF) has been discussed. The aim of this survey was to determine the prevalence of a genetic predisposition to CD in CF-patients compared to the general population. Methods: Celiac serology and HLA-DQ2/ -DQ8 screening was performed in 190 CF-patients at the CF-Center Cologne, Germany. Informed consent was obtained from all p...

Recent years have seen a dramatic increase in research and development of scientific workflow systems. These systems promise to make scientists more productive by automating data-driven and computeintensive analyses. Despite many early achievements, the long-term success of scientific workflow technology critically depends on making these systems useable by ‘‘mere mortals’’, i.e., scientists wh...