We report here the complete genome sequence of a triple-reassortant H1N1 swine influenza virus strain, A/swine/Guangxi/BB1/2013 (H1N1) (GXBB1), isolated from a swine in the Guangxi Province of southern China in 2013. We obtained the complete genome sequence of the GXBB1 virus. Sequence analysis demonstrated that this H1N1 virus was a triple-reassortant swine influenza virus (SIV) whose genes or...

BACKGROUND The H1N1 influenza pandemic occurred in Germany between April 2009 and August 2010. Pandemics often lead to uncertainty amongst the public and so risk communication on health-related issues is one of the key areas of action for health authorities and other healthcare institutions. The mass media may contribute to risk communication, so this study analysed press coverage during the H1...

MR imaging manifestations of influenza A-associated encephalitis have been described previously. However, there is very limited information about the central nervous system complications of the novel influenza A(H1N1) virus. MR imaging findings of novel influenza A-associated meningoencephalitis in a child are presented.

BACKGROUND Influenza viruses can generate novel reassortants in coinfected cells. The global circulation and occasional introductions of pandemic H1N1/2009 virus in humans and in pigs, respectively, may allow this virus to reassort with other influenza viruses. These possible reassortment events might alter virulence and/or transmissibility of the new reassortants. Investigations to detect such...

Silver nanoparticles have demonstrated efficient inhibitory activities against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV). However, the effects of silver nanoparticles against H1N1 influenza A virus remain unexplored. In this study, the interaction of silver nanoparticles with H1N1 influenza A virus was investigated. Silver nanoparticles with mean particle diameters of 10nm ...

During recent canine influenza surveillance in South Korea, a novel H3N1 canine influenza virus (CIV) that is a putative reassortant between pandemic H1N1 2009 and H3N2 CIVs was isolated. Genetic analysis of eight genes of the influenza virus revealed that the novel H3N1 isolate presented high similarities (99.1-99.9 %) to pandemic influenza H1N1, except for in the haemagglutinin (HA) gene. The...

BACKGROUND As of June 11, 2009, a total of 17,855 probable or confirmed cases of 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) had been reported in the United States. Risk factors for transmission remain largely uncharacterized. We characterize the risk factors and describe the transmission of the virus within households. METHODS Probable and confirmed cases of infection with the 2009 H1N1 virus in the Un...

Strong international health agreements and good planning created a structure and common procedure for nations involved in detection and evaluation of the emergence of influenza A (H1N1). This report describes a timeline of events that led to the determination of the epidemic as a public health emergency of international concern, following the agreed-upon procedures of the International Health R...

The pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus (pH1N1) spread quickly throughout the world following the April 2009 outbreak in Mexico, and it was the first major influenza pandemic since 1969. In order to effectively prepare for and respond to future pandemics, it is crucial to fully understand the characteristics of the 2009 outbreak. The objective of this review is to focus on the salient epidemiolog...

BACKGROUND With the release of the H1N1 vaccine, there was much controversy surrounding its use despite strong encouragements to be vaccinated in the media. Though studies have examined factors influencing people's decision to be vaccinated, few have focused on how general beliefs about the world or where an individual gathers information might influence that decision. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL F...