Altered microRNA profiles have been implicated in human brain disorders. However, the functional contribution of individual microRNAs to neuronal development and function is largely unknown. Here, we report biological functions for miR-19 in adult neurogenesis. We determined that miR-19 is enriched in neural progenitor cells (NPCs) and downregulated during neuronal development in the adult hipp...

Geodesics are the shortest curves between any two points on a given surface. in state space of quantum systems play an important role theory geometric phases, as these also along which acquired phase is zero. Null (NPCs) generalization geodesics, defined zero even though they need not be points. Here we present decomposition geodesics and NPCs higher-dimensional space, allows understanding intr...

In the past, games development has been driven by the need to achieve more realistic graphics. This has resulted in a situation today with games set in visually stunning, and almost photo realistic worlds being the norm. As game developers seek something new to make their games stand out from the rest, artificial intelligence is playing a far more important role in game design than before. The ...

Nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) are large multiprotein assemblies that allow traffic between the cytoplasm and the nucleus. During mitosis in higher eukaryotes, the Nuclear Envelope (NE) breaks down and NPCs disassemble. How NPCs reassemble and incorporate into the NE upon mitotic exit is poorly understood. We demonstrate a function for the conserved Nup107-160 complex in this process. Partial in...

TRIM28 is a corepressor that mediates transcriptional silencing by establishing local heterochromatin. Here, we show that deletion of TRIM28 in neural progenitor cells (NPCs) results in high-level expression of two groups of endogenous retroviruses (ERVs): IAP1 and MMERVK10C. We find that NPCs use TRIM28-mediated histone modifications to dynamically regulate transcription and silencing of ERVs,...

During midgestation, mammalian neural precursor cells (NPCs) differentiate only into neurons. Generation of astrocytes is prevented at this stage, because astrocyte-specific gene promoters are methylated. How the subsequent switch from suppression to expression of astrocytic genes occurs is unknown. We show in this study that Notch ligands are expressed on committed neuronal precursors and youn...

Although Zika virus (ZIKV) infection is often asymptomatic, in some cases, it can lead to birth defects in newborns or serious neurologic complications in adults. However, little is known about the interplay between immune and neural cells that could contribute to the ZIKV pathology. To understand the mechanisms at play during infection and the antiviral immune response, we focused on neural pr...

Reinforcement learning is an unsupervised machine learning method in the field of Artificial Intelligence and offers high performance in simulating the thinking ability of a human. However, it requires a trialand-error process to achieve this goal. In the research field of game AIs, it is a good approach that can give the nonplayer-characters (NPCs) in digital games more human-like qualities. I...

Recent studies have emphasized that adult hippocampal neurogenesis impairment may be associated with cognitive problems. Because cuprizone (CPZ), a copper-chelating reagent, was shown to decrease the production of new neurons, we aimed further understand involvement in function by using short-term (2-week) CPZ exposure paradigm. The CPZ-fed mice showed deficits, i.e., impaired sensorimotor gati...

Hepatocellular carcinoma almost always arises in chronically inflamed livers. We developed a culture model to study the role of non-parenchymal cells (NPCs) for inflammation-driven hepatocarcinogenesis. Rats were treated with the carcinogen N-nitrosomorpholine, which induced initiated hepatocytes expressing the marker placental glutathione-S-transferase (GSTp). After 21 days two preparations of...