Physical-and-chemical properties of Chernobyl hot particles (radionuclide and dispersal composition, nuclear fuel burn-up and radionuclides fractionation, composition of particle matrix etc.) including the fuel particles as specific form of Chernobyl radioactive fall-out were studied [!]• Attempt to reconstruct the conditions of the fuel particles (FP) formation during the accident was done [2,...

Most HWRs currently use natural uranium fuel. Using enriched uranium fuel results in a significant improvement in fuel cycle costs and uranium utilization. On the other hand, reactivity changes of HWRs over the full range of operating conditions from cold shutdown to full power are small. This reduces the required reactivity worth of control devices and minimizes local flux distribution perturb...

The debate over the past five years on how to limit national ownership and control of nuclear fuel-cycle facilities is largely a response to the perceived risk of a growing number of countries to acquire these sensitive technologies. This prospect is seen as a challenge to the nonproliferation regime by leading nuclear weapon states and their allies, by non-weapon states seeking both to stem pr...

www.thelancet.com Vol 371 March 8, 2008 795 Aggressive marketing practices for breastmilk substitutes have been blamed for the decline of breastfeeding in the Philippines, where only 16·1% of Filipino infants aged 4–5 months are exclusively breastfed, half stop exclusive breastfeeding by the third week of life, and 13% are never breastfed (the lowest ever-breastfed rates in 56 countries). The D...

In the safeguards agreements between non-nuclear-weaponstate members of the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty and the International Atomic Energy Agency, there is a possibility for non-nuclear weapon states, acting with the approval of the agency’s board of governors, to remove from safeguards nuclear materials to be used in non-proscribed military activities such as naval nuclear propulsion. Thi...

Following the accident at Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant, many countries began funding research and development on nuclear fuel designs with enhanced tolerance (ATFs). ATFs have improved designs, materials performance features compared those of current generation slightly enriched UO2 ceramic pellets within cylindrical zirconium alloy cladding. This report evaluates applicability existin...