To identify genes involved in Arabidopsis thaliana petal and stamen organogenesis, we used a gene trap approach to examine the patterns of reporter expression at each stage of flower development of 1765 gene trap lines. In 80 lines, the reporter gene showed petal- and/or stamen-specific expression or lack of expression, or expression in distinct patterns within the petals and/or the stamens, in...

BACKGROUND Petal spurs-tubular outgrowths that collect nectar-are considered key innovations because of their ability to change pollinator specificity and so cause reproductive isolation and speciation. Spurs have arisen frequently and rapidly in many taxa. To test their potential origins, we isolated spontaneous dominant mutations at two loci, HIRZ and INA, that cause novel outgrowths from Ant...

flower morphology of ten fritillaria species of subgenera theresia and fritillaria growing wild in iran is studied using seventy morphological characters. qualitative and quantitative datasets separated taxa into subgenera, sectional and groups. three enigmatic species f. caucasica, f. zagrica (endemic to zagros mountains) and f. pinardii (recently reported from zagros mountains) appeared as cl...

Pollination is one of the most decisive practices in cocoa cultivation; therefore, to determine self-compatibility and evaluate morphology flower, it was carried out experimental farm "La Represa", Quevedo, Ecuador. For this purpose, a completely randomized DCA design used, with forty treatments, considering treatments hybrids three repetitions. Tukey's multiple range test (P≤0.05) applied diff...

Expression of the PSR132 protein from Dianthus caryophyllus (carnation, clover pink) is induced in response to ethylene production associated with petal senescence, and thus the protein is named petal death protein (PDP). Recent work has established that despite the annotation of PDP in sequence databases as carboxyphosphoenolpyruvate mutase, the enzyme is actually a C-C bond cleaving lyase exh...

Although biochemists and geneticists have studied the cotton flower for more than one century, little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying the dramatic color change that occurs during its short developmental life following blooming. Through the analysis of world cotton germplasms, we found that all of the flowers underwent color changes post-anthesis, but there is a diverse array ...

The plant surface is by default flat, and development away from this default is thought to have some function of evolutionary advantage. Although the functions of many plant epidermal cells have been described, the function of conical epidermal cells, a defining feature of petals in the majority of insect-pollinated flowers, has not. The location and frequency of conical cells have led to specu...

five carnation cultivars (‘grand salam’, ‘nelson’, ‘kaly’, ‘cinderella’ and ‘tempo’) were evaluated with respect to growth, yield and quality characteristics under lath house conditions at kala shah kaku research station, directorate of floriculture, lahore during 2011. among the cultivars studied, maximum plant height was recorded in carnation cultivar ‘grand salam’ (78.66 cm) closely followed...